CDH2: An Emerging Disease Target and Biomarker (G1000)

CDH2: An Emerging Disease Target and Biomarker

Evolving Landscape of Disease Research

In the past decades, the field of medicine has witnessed significant advancements in understanding the molecular basis of diseases. This understanding has paved the way for the identification and characterization of novel drug targets and biomarkers. One such promising target in disease research is CDH2, a cell adhesion molecule implicated in various pathological conditions. This article aims to explore the role of CDH2 as a disease drug target and biomarker, highlighting its potential in revolutionizing diagnostics and therapeutics.

The Intricacies of CDH2

CDH2, also known as N-cadherin, is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the cadherin family. Initially discovered as a critical player in cell-cell adhesion processes during embryonic development, CDH2 has now emerged as an important molecule in disease pathogenesis. It is predominantly expressed in neuronal tissues, where it facilitates cell-cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, and cell signaling.

CDH2 as a Disease Drug Target

The dysregulation of CDH2 expression and function has been linked to the progression of several diseases, making it an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. In cancer, aberrant CDH2 expression promotes tumor invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting CDH2 using small molecule inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies offers a promising avenue to impede cancer progression and improve patient outcomes. Preclinical studies have shown that inhibition of CDH2 reduces tumor growth and metastatic spread in various cancer types, establishing its role as a potential therapeutic target.

Apart from cancer, CDH2 has also gained attention in other diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders. In cardiac fibrosis, CDH2 upregulation promotes the activation of myofibroblasts, leading to excessive extracellular matrix deposition and impaired cardiac function. Targeting CDH2 signaling pathways with specific inhibitors may offer a potential approach to attenuating cardiac fibrosis and preserving cardiac function.

Additionally, CDH2 is implicated in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. In Alzheimer's disease, CDH2 expression is upregulated in the brain, contributing to the formation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Inhibition of CDH2-mediated signaling could potentially halt or slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease, providing a novel therapeutic avenue.

CDH2 as a Diagnostic Biomarker

In addition to its role as a valuable drug target, CDH2 also shows promise as a diagnostic biomarker. Biomarkers are measurable indicators that can assist in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response assessment. CDH2 expression levels have been found to be altered in various diseases and may serve as a useful tool in disease detection and monitoring.

For instance, in prostate cancer, elevated CDH2 expression has been associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis. Detection of CDH2 in patient samples, such as blood or urine, could provide clinicians with an early indication of disease progression and help personalize treatment strategies.

Similarly, CDH2 has shown promise as a diagnostic biomarker in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Altered CDH2 expression has been observed in individuals with ASD, and detection of CDH2 levels in blood samples may aid in early diagnosis and intervention.

Challenges and Future Perspectives

While the potential of CDH2 as a disease drug target and biomarker is promising, several challenges need to be addressed for its successful clinical translation. One major challenge is the development of efficient and safe CDH2-targeted therapies. Extensive preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to validate the efficacy, safety, and optimal dosing regimens of therapeutic agents targeting CDH2. Additionally, identifying patient subgroups that are most likely to benefit from CDH2-targeted therapies will be crucial for personalized medicine approaches.

Furthermore, the sensitive and specific detection of CDH2 as a biomarker poses technical challenges. Developing reliable assays capable of detecting CDH2 in patient samples with high sensitivity and specificity is essential. Additionally, understanding the dynamics of CDH2 expression in diseases and its correlation with disease progression will be critical for optimizing its utility as a biomarker.

Conclusion

The discovery of CDH2 as an emerging disease drug target and biomarker has opened up new avenues for disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Its involvement in various pathological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological diseases, highlights its potential as a multipurpose target. CDH2 offers a promising landscape for the development of targeted therapies and personalized medicine approaches. Moreover, its role as a diagnostic biomarker may enable early disease detection and monitoring. While challenges remain, ongoing research and collaboration among scientists, clinicians, and industry partners will undoubtedly propel CDH2 from bench to bedside, transforming the way we approach diseases.

Protein Name: Cadherin 2

Functions: Calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein; preferentially mediates homotypic cell-cell adhesion by dimerization with a CDH2 chain from another cell. Cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Acts as a regulator of neural stem cells quiescence by mediating anchorage of neural stem cells to ependymocytes in the adult subependymal zone: upon cleavage by MMP24, CDH2-mediated anchorage is affected, leading to modulate neural stem cell quiescence. Plays a role in cell-to-cell junction formation between pancreatic beta cells and neural crest stem (NCS) cells, promoting the formation of processes by NCS cells (By similarity). Required for proper neurite branching. Required for pre- and postsynaptic organization (By similarity). CDH2 may be involved in neuronal recognition mechanism. In hippocampal neurons, may regulate dendritic spine density

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•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
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•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
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More Common Targets

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