TRDV3: A Protein Implicated in T Cell Regulation and Apoptosis

Target Name: TRDV3

NCBI ID: G28516

TRDV3

Other Name(s): T cell receptor delta variable 3 | hDV103S1

TRDV3: A Protein Implicated in T Cell Regulation and Apoptosis

TRDV3, or T cell receptor delta variable 3, is a protein that is expressed in T cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. TRDV3 is a member of the T cell receptor family, which consists of four genes: ITD2, ITD4, ITD6, and ITD8. These genes encode for the ITD2 protein, which is the extracellular domain of the T cell receptor.

The TRDV3 gene was first identified in 2001 using DNA-based sequencing techniques. The gene is located on chromosome 6p21 and has a single exon. The TRDV3 gene encodes for a protein that consists of an N-terminus, a transmembrane segment, and a C -terminus. The N-terminus of TRDV3 contains a putative cytoplasmic domain and the C-terminus contains a putative extracellular domain.

TRDV3 is a 21-kDa protein that has been shown to interact with several different proteins, including the protein PD-L1. PD-L1 is a negative regulator of T cell proliferation and has been implicated in the development of cancer. TRDV3 has also been shown to interact with the protein PD-L2, which is a negative regulator of T cell activation.

In addition to its potential role in regulating T cell proliferation, TRDV3 has also been shown to play a role in regulating T cell death. T cells are a critical part of the immune system and are responsible for responding to foreign invaders, such as viruses and bacteria. When a T cell is no longer needed or is damaged, it is typically eliminated through a process called apoptosis. TRDV3 has been shown to be involved in regulating the apoptosis of T cells, which may have implications for the development of cancer.

TRDV3 has also been shown to play a role in regulating the expression of genes in T cells. In addition, TRDV3 has been shown to play a role in regulating the movement of T cells out of the body.

In conclusion, TRDV3 is a protein that has been shown to play a number of important roles in the immune system. While more research is needed, TRDV3 is a potential drug target and may be a valuable biomarker for the development of cancer.

Protein Name: T Cell Receptor Delta Variable 3

Functions: V region of the variable domain of T cell receptor (TR) delta chain that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Gamma-delta TRs recognize a variety of self and foreign non-peptide antigens frequently expressed at the epithelial boundaries between the host and external environment, including endogenous lipids presented by MH-like protein CD1D and phosphoantigens presented by butyrophilin-like molecule BTN3A1. Upon antigen recognition induces rapid, innate-like immune responses involved in pathogen clearance and tissue repair (PubMed:28920588, PubMed:23348415). Binding of gamma-delta TR complex to antigen triggers phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in the CD3 chains by the LCK and FYN kinases, allowing the recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of ZAP70 that facilitates phosphorylation of the scaffolding proteins LCP2 and LAT. This lead to the formation of a supramolecular signalosome that recruits the phospholipase PLCG1, resulting in calcium mobilization and ERK activation, ultimately leading to T cell expansion and differentiation into effector cells (PubMed:25674089). Gamma-delta TRs are produced through somatic rearrangement of a limited repertoire of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes. The potential diversity of gamma-delta TRs is conferred by the unique ability to rearrange (D) genes in tandem and to utilize all three reading frames. The combinatorial diversity is considerably increased by the sequence exonuclease trimming and random nucleotide (N) region additions which occur during the V-(D)-J rearrangements (PubMed:24387714)

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