Understanding ADA and its Significance in Disease (G100)

Target Name: ADA

NCBI ID: G100

Content of Review Report on ADA Target / Biomarker

ADA

Understanding ADA and its Significance in Disease

What is ADA?
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of purine nucleotides in the body. It is responsible for catalyzing the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine into inosine and deoxyinosine, respectively. ADA is essential for cellular function as it prevents the build-up of toxic metabolites and regulates the production of adenosine, a molecule involved in various physiological processes.

The Role of ADA in Disease
ADA deficiency, also known as ADA-SCID, is a rare inherited disorder characterized by the lack or dysfunction of ADA enzyme. This condition severely impacts the immune system, leading to the inability of affected individuals to fight off infections. ADA-SCID is a life-threatening disorder that typically manifests in early childhood, and without treatment, it can result in severe or fatal infections.

ADA as a Drug Target
Due to the critical role of ADA in immune function, it has become an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Scientists have been investigating various approaches to develop drugs that modulate ADA activity to treat ADA-related diseases. One approach involves the use of ADA inhibitors, which can increase adenosine levels and boost immune response.

ADA Inhibitors: Potential Therapeutic Agents
Researchers have identified several compounds that exhibit inhibitory activities against ADA. These compounds can bind to the active site of the enzyme, inhibiting its catalytic function and ultimately increasing adenosine levels. By modulating ADA activity, these inhibitors hold promise as potential therapeutics for diseases associated with ADA deficiency.

Targeting ADA-Deficient Immunodeficiency Disorders
One of the primary applications of ADA inhibitors is for the treatment of ADA-deficient immunodeficiency disorders such as ADA-SCID. By increasing adenosine levels, ADA inhibitors aim to restore immune system function in affected individuals. Several ADA inhibitors have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies, providing hope for an effective treatment for ADA-deficient disorders.

Biomarker Potential of ADA
In addition to its role as a drug target, ADA also possesses biomarker potential in certain disease contexts. Elevated ADA activity has been observed in several pathological conditions, including infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and some cancers. The measurement of ADA activity or expression levels can serve as a valuable diagnostic tool, enabling early detection, monitoring disease progression, and assessing treatment response.

ADA as a Diagnostic Biomarker
In infectious diseases like tuberculosis, ADA activity in the pleural fluid has been established as a reliable biomarker for distinguishing between tuberculosis and other respiratory conditions. Elevated ADA levels indicate a high probability of tuberculosis infection, aiding in early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment.

ADA as a Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker
In certain types of cancer, ADA expression levels have been associated with tumor aggressiveness and treatment response. High ADA expression in tumor tissues has been linked to poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, measuring ADA levels in cancer patients can help identify individuals who may benefit from alternative treatment strategies or targeted therapies.

The Future of ADA-targeted Therapies
The continued research and development of ADA-targeted therapies hold great promise for improving the lives of individuals affected by ADA-related diseases. ADA inhibitors have shown considerable potential in preclinical studies, and clinical trials are underway to evaluate their safety and efficacy in human patients. Furthermore, the use of ADA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker could revolutionize disease management and facilitate personalized treatment approaches.

Conclusion
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) plays a critical role in maintaining purine nucleotide balance and regulating immune function. ADA deficiency, known as ADA-SCID, can lead to severe immunodeficiency and requires prompt intervention for successful treatment. Additionally, ADA has emerged as a potential drug target for therapeutic intervention in ADA-related diseases, with ADA inhibitors showing promise in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, ADA holds biomarker potential, providing valuable diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information in various diseases. With ongoing research and development, ADA-targeted therapies and biomarker applications have the potential to improve patient outcomes and revolutionize disease management strategies.

Protein Name: Adenosine Deaminase

Functions: Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and 2-deoxyadenosine (PubMed:8452534, PubMed:16670267, PubMed:23193172, PubMed:9361033, PubMed:26166670). Plays an important role in purine metabolism and in adenosine homeostasis. Modulates signaling by extracellular adenosine, and so contributes indirectly to cellular signaling events. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation, by binding DPP4 (PubMed:20959412). Its interaction with DPP4 regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion (PubMed:11772392). Enhances dendritic cell immunogenicity by affecting dendritic cell costimulatory molecule expression and cytokines and chemokines secretion (By similarity). Enhances CD4+ T-cell differentiation and proliferation (PubMed:20959412). Acts as a positive modulator of adenosine receptors ADORA1 and ADORA2A, by enhancing their ligand affinity via conformational change (PubMed:23193172). Stimulates plasminogen activation (PubMed:15016824). Plays a role in male fertility (PubMed:21919946, PubMed:26166670). Plays a protective role in early postimplantation embryonic development (By similarity)

The "ADA Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about ADA comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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