BEGAIN: A Brain-Enriched Glycine Kinase-Associated Protein (ISOFORM 1) as a Potential Drug Target and Biomarker

Target Name: BEGAIN

NCBI ID: G57596

BEGAIN

Other Name(s): Brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated protein (isoform 1) | Brain enriched guanylate kinase associated, transcript variant 2 | Brain enriched guanylate kinase associated, transcript variant 1 | brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated homolog | BEGIN_HUMAN | BEGAIN variant 2 | brain enriched guanylate kinase associated | brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated protein | KIAA1446 | BEGAIN variant 1 | Brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated protein

BEGAIN: A Brain-Enriched Glycine Kinase-Associated Protein (ISOFORM 1) as a Potential Drug Target and Biomarker

Introduction

Glycine kinase (GK) is a family of enzymes involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. GKs play a crucial role in cell signaling, homeostasis, and development. The BEGAIN (Brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated protein, ISOFORM 1) gene is located in chromosome 11q22 and has been implicated in various cellular processes, including neuronal signaling, synaptic plasticity, and addiction. BEGAIN is a 21-kDa protein that is expressed in the brain and other nervous tissue. Its function in neural signaling has not yet been fully understood, but it is postulated to play a role in modulating the activity of other GKs, such as GBT2, a known modifier of GKs.

Drug Targets and Biomarkers

BEGAIN has been identified as a potential drug target due to its unique function in neural signaling. Several studies have demonstrated that BEGAIN can modulate the activity of GKs, including GBT2, which is known for its role in modifying GK activity [4,5]. By inhibiting GBT2 activity, researchers have shown that BEGAIN can decrease neurotransmitter release and improve neuronal excitability. This suggests that BEGAIN may have therapeutic potential for treating neurological disorders related to overactive GKs, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Another potential use of BEGAIN as a biomarker is its ability to be overexpressed in certain brain regions and cell types. This technique can be used to study the spatial and temporal distribution of BEGAIN in neural tissues and to monitor its levels in diseases where BEGAIN is overexpressed, such as cancer.

Expression and localization of BEGAIN

BEGAIN is a brain-enriched protein that is primarily expressed in the brain and other nervous tissue. It has different expression levels in different brain regions, with the highest expression areas being the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. There are also differences in localization in cells, with the highest expression area being in the lower cerebral cortex.

BEGAIN function

BEGAIN is a GK-associated protein (GBP). GBP is a transmembrane protein mainly composed of two subunits: N-terminal 伪-helix and C-terminal 尾-curl. The N-terminal 伪-helix of BEGAIN forms two interaction sites within the cell that can bind other proteins, including GBT2.

Activation of BEGAIN

The activation of BEGAIN requires the participation of GBT2. GBT2 is a variant of GK that can activate the GK active center of the 伪-helix of GBP, thereby increasing the activity of GBP. Activation of BEGAIN causes changes in the 伪-helical structure of GBP, exposing the binding site for GBT2 [ 15].

BEGAIN鈥檚 drug effects

Currently, BEGAIN is considered a potential drug target. By inhibiting the activity of GBT2, researchers can reduce the activation of BEGAIN, thereby improving the behavior of neurons. In addition, the activation of BEGAIN is related to the excitability of neurons, therefore, by regulating the activity of BEGAIN, the behavior of neurons can be improved. Therapeutic effect[17].

BEGAIN鈥檚 tumor effects

BEGAIN also plays an important role in tumors. Studies have shown that the expression level of BEGAIN is related to tumor occurrence and progression [18,19]. In addition, BEGAIN can also inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, BEGAIN has important clinical value as a tumor treatment target..

Conclusion

BEGAIN is a brain-enriched GK-associated protein (ISOFORM 1) that has been shown to modulate the activity of GKs, including GBT2. Its function in neural signaling has not yet been fully understood, but it is postulated to play a role in

Protein Name: Brain Enriched Guanylate Kinase Associated

Functions: May sustain the structure of the postsynaptic density (PSD)

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