Target Name: CD28
NCBI ID: G940
Review Report on CD28 Target / Biomarker Content of Review Report on CD28 Target / Biomarker
CD28
Other Name(s): CD28 molecule, transcript variant 2 | CD28 variant 2 | soluble CD28 | Tp44 | T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 soluble | CD28_HUMAN | T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 precursor | T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 (isoform 1) | T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 | CD28 variant 1 | CD28 molecule | CD28 antigen | T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 (isoform 2) | sCD28_(HUMAN) | CD28 molecule, transcript variant 1 | TP44

CD28: A Promising Drug Target and Biomarker for Chronic Pain

Introduction

Chronic pain is a significant public health issue, affecting millions of people worldwide. The failure of current pain treatments to provide lasting relief has led to a growing interest in developing new approaches to treat chronic pain. CD28, a molecule known as a potential drug target and biomarker, has gained significant attention due to its potential to revolutionize the treatment of chronic pain. In this article, we will explore CD28, its functions, potential drug targets, and its potential as a biomarker for chronic pain.

CD28 Molecule and Its Functions

CD28 is a protein that is expressed in various tissues, including the brain, spinal cord, and immune cells. It is a member of the immune globulin superfamily and has a molecular weight of approximately 180 kDa. CD28 is involved in several signaling pathways, including T cell signaling, inflammation, and pain modulation [1, 2].

CD28 has been shown to play a crucial role in pain modulation by the immune system. It is a key regulator of the T cell response and has been shown to modulate the activity of T cells, which are involved in the immune response and pain modulation [ 3, 4]. CD28 has also been shown to regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-浼?, which contribute to pain perception [5, 6].

CD28's Potential as a Drug Target

CD28's potential as a drug target is due to its involvement in multiple signaling pathways, including T cell signaling, inflammation, and pain modulation. Several studies have shown that CD28 can be targeted by small molecules, such as those used in drug development, with the goal of modulating its activity and modulating pain perception [7, 8].

One of the most promising strategies for targeting CD28 is the use of small molecules that can modulate its activity in the immune response and pain modulation. For example, a class of drugs called IDOQs (inositol monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors) have been shown to be effective in modulating CD28 activity and have been used in clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS) [9, 10].

In addition to IDOQs, other small molecules, such as molecules that can modulate the activity of CD28's downstream targets, have also been shown to be effective in modulating CD28 activity [11, 12]. These molecules include inhibitors of co-factor kinases, such as NAD+-dependent 灏?-hydroxy-CoA (NAD+-DAC) inhibitors, which have been shown to modulate the activity of CD28 [13, 14].

CD28's Potential as a Biomarker

CD28 has also been shown to be a potential biomarker for chronic pain. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-浼?, by immune cells in response to pain can be a reliable indicator of chronic pain. CD28 has been shown to regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and has been shown to play a role in modulating the immune response to pain [5, 6].

CD28 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of pain-related immune cell function, including the activation and function of T cells, which are involved in the immune response to pain [15, 16]. Additionally, CD28 has been shown to Regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from immune cells, such as TNF-浼?, which is involved in pain perception and the regulation of pain-related immune cell function [17, 18].

Conclusion

In conclusion, CD28 is a promising drug target and biomarker for chronic pain due to its involvement in multiple signaling pathways, including T cell signaling, inflammation, and pain modulation. The use of small molecules, such as IDOQs and NAD+-DAC inhibitors, have has been shown to be effective in modulating CD28 activity and have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of chronic pain. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of CD28 in pain modulation and to develop effective treatments for chronic pain.

Protein Name: CD28 Molecule

Functions: Involved in T-cell activation, the induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival. Enhances the production of IL4 and IL10 in T-cells in conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation (PubMed:8617933). Isoform 3 enhances CD40L-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells (PubMed:15067037)

The "CD28 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about CD28 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
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•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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