CRY1: A Potent Drug Target and Biomarker for Circadian Disruptions

Target Name: CRY1

NCBI ID: G1407

CRY1

CRY1: A Potent Drug Target and Biomarker for Circadian Disruptions

Abstract:

Cry1, a cryptochrome circadian regulator 1, has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker for various sleep disorders, including insomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep-related eating disorder. Its unique mechanism of action, as well as its potential therapeutic applications, make it an attractive target for researchers and pharmaceutical companies. In this article, we will discuss the structure, function, and potential therapeutic applications of CRY1, highlighting its potential as a drug target and biomarker.

Introduction:

Circadian rhythms are essential for various physiological processes in living organisms, including growth, development, and behavior. The regulation of these rhythms is critical for maintaining a healthy circadian cycle and preventing disorders such as insomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep-related eating disorder. Cryptochromes , a family of light-sensitive proteins, play a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms.

Cry1, a cryptochrome circadian regulator 1, is a key protein that ensures the timely and efficient regulation of the circadian rhythm in the liver. It is a small, transmembrane protein that contains a unique domain called the N-terminal alpha-helical domain, which is responsible for its unique structure and function.

Structure and Function:

The N-terminal alpha-helix domain of CRY1 is a unique feature that gives it its unique structure and function. This domain is composed of a series of alternating beta-strands and alpha-helices, which creates a 3D structure that is reminiscent of a Steering wheel while driving. It is this unique structure that allows CRY1 to interact with other proteins and molecules, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms.

The alpha-helical region of CRY1 contains a series of conserved amino acids that are important for its stability and function. These conserved amino acids include Glu202, Lys204, Asp206, and Asn208, which are involved in the formation of a hydrogen bond network that is critical for protein stability.

The other important one is the sequence of cysteine, glutamic acid, asparagine and asparagine, which are involved in forming the hydrogen bonding network and ensuring the stability of the protein.

Potential Therapeutic Applications:

CRY1 has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker for various sleep disorders, including insomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep-related eating disorder. Its unique mechanism of action and its potential therapeutic applications make it an attractive target for researchers and pharmaceutical companies.

One of the potential therapeutic applications of CRY1 is its ability to regulate the circadian rhythm in the liver. Insomnia and other sleep disorders are often caused by disruptions in the circadian rhythm, which can lead to problems with the liver's bile synthesis and detoxification. By targeting CRY1, researchers may be able to develop new treatments for insomnia and other sleep disorders.

Another therapeutic potential application of CRY1 is its role in the regulation of sleep-related eating disorder. Studies have shown that people with sleep-related eating disorder often have alterations in the circadian rhythm that are disruptive. By targeting CRY1, researchers may be able to develop new treatments for this disorder.

In addition to its potential therapeutic applications, CRY1 also has the potential to serve as a biomarker for various sleep disorders. Insomnia, for example, is often diagnosed based on the number of insomnia symptoms, which can be easily measured using CRY1 as a biomarker.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, CRY1, a cryptochrome circadian regulator 1, has unique structure and function due to its N-terminal alpha-helical domain. Its conserved amino acids, such as Glu202, Lys204, Asp206, and Asn208, as well as its ability to regulate the circadian rhythm in the liver and its potential therapeutic applications for insomnia and sleep-related eating disorder make it an attractive target for researchers and pharmaceutical companies. Further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of its unique function and its potential as a drug

Protein Name: Cryptochrome Circadian Regulator 1

Functions: Transcriptional repressor which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, BMAL1, BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and BMAL1 or BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK|NPAS2-BMAL1|BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress BMAL1 transcription, respectively. CRY1 and CRY2 have redundant functions but also differential and selective contributions at least in defining the pace of the SCN circadian clock and its circadian transcriptional outputs. More potent transcriptional repressor in cerebellum and liver than CRY2, though more effective in lengthening the period of the SCN oscillator. On its side, CRY2 seems to play a critical role in tuning SCN circadian period by opposing the action of CRY1. With CRY2, is dispensable for circadian rhythm generation but necessary for the development of intercellular networks for rhythm synchrony. Capable of translocating circadian clock core proteins such as PER proteins to the nucleus. Interacts with CLOCK-BMAL1 independently of PER proteins and is found at CLOCK-BMAL1-bound sites, suggesting that CRY may act as a molecular gatekeeper to maintain CLOCK-BMAL1 in a poised and repressed state until the proper time for transcriptional activation. Represses the CLOCK-BMAL1 induced transcription of BHLHE40/DEC1. Represses the CLOCK-BMAL1 induced transcription of ATF4, MTA1, KLF10 and NAMPT (By similarity). May repress circadian target genes expression in collaboration with HDAC1 and HDAC2 through histone deacetylation. Mediates the clock-control activation of ATR and modulates ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint. In liver, mediates circadian regulation of cAMP signaling and gluconeogenesis by binding to membrane-coupled G proteins and blocking glucagon-mediated increases in intracellular cAMP concentrations and CREB1 phosphorylation. Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis by decreasing nuclear FOXO1 levels that down-regulates gluconeogenic gene expression (By similarity). Besides its role in the maintenance of the circadian clock, is also involved in the regulation of other processes. Represses glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1/GR-induced transcriptional activity by binding to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs). Plays a key role in glucose and lipid me

The "CRY1 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about CRY1 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

More Common Targets