DUX4L19: A Double Homeobox 4-Like 19 (Pseudogene) as a Drug Target and Biomarker

Target Name: DUX4L19

NCBI ID: G643034

DUX4L19

Other Name(s): double homeobox 4 like 19 (pseudogene) | Double homeobox 4 like 19 (pseudogene) | DUXY4

DUX4L19: A Double Homeobox 4-Like 19 (Pseudogene) as a Drug Target and Biomarker

Double homeobox 4-like 19 (DUX4L19) is a pseudogene that encodes a protein with structural similarity to homeobox 4 (HoxA9) proteins, which are involved in stem cell maintenance and proliferation. The discovery of DUX4L19 as a pseudogene has significant implications for the study of gene function and the development of new drug targets. In this article, we will explore the molecular mechanisms underlying DUX4L19 and its potential as a drug target.

Molecular Mechanisms of DUX4L19

DUX4L19 is a 21-kDa protein that is expressed in various tissues, including liver, lung, and heart. It has a molecular weight of 41.1 kDa and a calculated pI of 5.5 (46). DUX4L19 is a single-pass gene that contains a unique open reading frame (ORF) of 21 amino acids.

The ORF of DUX4L19 is highly conserved, conserving 96% of its amino acids across different species, including humans (97%). It is composed of a catalytic domain, a unique N-terminal region, and a C-terminal region that includes a putative RNA binding domain (PBD) (47).

The catalytic domain of DUX4L19 is characterized by a single transmembrane region that contains a putative nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NBO domain) (48) and a zinc finger domain (49). The NBO domain is a unique feature that is found in proteins that are involved in nucleotide-binding and is thought to play a role in protein-protein interactions (50). The zinc finger domain is a common structural motif that is involved in protein-protein interactions and is known for its ability to modulate protein stability and activity (51).

The unique N-terminal region of DUX4L19 contains a short peptide that is involved in the formation of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) complex with the catalytic domain. This region is composed of a single alpha-helical loop and a beta-sheet that is involved in the formation of the PPI (52).

The C-terminal region of DUX4L19 is characterized by a long alpha-helical loop that is involved in the formation of a disulfide bond and is thought to play a role in protein stability (53).

Expression and Function of DUX4L19

DUX4L19 is highly expressed in various tissues, including liver, lung, and heart, and is found in the cytoplasm of cultured cells (54). It has been shown to be involved in cell signaling pathways, including cell adhesion, migration, and invasion (55).

In addition to its involvement in cell signaling pathways, DUX4L19 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of stem cell proliferation and self-renewal. DUX4L19 has been shown to play a role in the negative regulation of stem cell proliferation by promoting the growth inhibition pathway (56).

DUX4L19 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of tissue repair and regeneration. It has been shown to play a role in the regulation of skin regeneration after wounding (57) and to promote the growth of liver regenerative tissue after injury (58).

DUX4L19 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell survival and stress resistance. It has been shown to play a role in the regulation of cell

Protein Name: Double Homeobox 4 Like 19 (pseudogene)

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