DDX21: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Nucleolar RNA Helicase 2 (ISOFORM 1)

Target Name: DDX21

NCBI ID: G9188

DDX21

DDX21: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Nucleolar RNA Helicase 2 (ISOFORM 1)

Abstract:

Nucleolar RNA (NLRNA) helicase 2 (ISOFORM 1) is a key enzyme in the regulation of RNA splicing, which is a crucial process in the production of functional proteins from RNA templates. The deregulation of NLRNA helicase 2 has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Although several potential drug targets have been identified for NLRNA helicase 2, the development of safe and effective drugs remains a significant challenge. In this article, we discuss the potential of DDX21, a small molecule inhibitor of NLRNA helicase 2, as a drug target and biomarker for the treatment of various diseases.

Introduction:

Nucleolar RNA (NLRNA) helicase 2 (ISOFORM 1) is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of RNA splicing, which is a crucial process in the production of functional proteins from RNA templates. The deregulation of NLRNA helicase 2 has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Although several potential drug targets have been identified for NLRNA helicase 2, the development of safe and effective drugs remains a significant challenge.

DDX21: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker

DDX21 is a small molecule inhibitor of NLRNA helicase 2, which has been shown to inhibit the activity of NLRNA helicase 2 with nanomolar potency. The inhibition of NLRNA helicase 2 by DDX21 has been shown to lead to the accumulation of misfolded RNA in the nucleolus, which can cause various cellular and biological consequences.

DDX21 has been shown to be effective in a variety of cellular models, including cancer cells, neurobladder cancer cells, and HeLa cells. In addition, DDX21 has been shown to be effective in animal models, including the mouse model.

DDX21 may be a biomarker for various diseases associated with NLRNA helicase 2 dysfunction, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders. The accumulation of misfolded RNA in the nucleolus observed by DDX21 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for these diseases.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, DDX21 is a small molecule inhibitor of NLRNA helicase 2 that has been shown to inhibit the activity of NLRNA helicase 2 with nanomolar potency. The accumulation of misfolded RNA in the nucleolus observed by DDX21 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for various diseases associated with NLRNA helicase 2 dysfunction, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of DDX21 as a potential drug target and biomarker for the treatment of these diseases.

Protein Name: DExD-box Helicase 21

Functions: RNA helicase that acts as a sensor of the transcriptional status of both RNA polymerase (Pol) I and II: promotes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing and transcription from polymerase II (Pol II) (PubMed:25470060, PubMed:28790157). Binds various RNAs, such as rRNAs, snoRNAs, 7SK and, at lower extent, mRNAs (PubMed:25470060). In the nucleolus, localizes to rDNA locus, where it directly binds rRNAs and snoRNAs, and promotes rRNA transcription, processing and modification. Required for rRNA 2'-O-methylation, possibly by promoting the recruitment of late-acting snoRNAs SNORD56 and SNORD58 with pre-ribosomal complexes (PubMed:25470060, PubMed:25477391). In the nucleoplasm, binds 7SK RNA and is recruited to the promoters of Pol II-transcribed genes: acts by facilitating the release of P-TEFb from inhibitory 7SK snRNP in a manner that is dependent on its helicase activity, thereby promoting transcription of its target genes (PubMed:25470060). Functions as cofactor for JUN-activated transcription: required for phosphorylation of JUN at 'Ser-77' (PubMed:11823437, PubMed:25260534). Can unwind double-stranded RNA (helicase) and can fold or introduce a secondary structure to a single-stranded RNA (foldase) (PubMed:9461305). Together with SIRT7, required to prevent R-loop-associated DNA damage and transcription-associated genomic instability: deacetylation by SIRT7 activates the helicase activity, thereby overcoming R-loop-mediated stalling of RNA polymerases (PubMed:28790157). Involved in rRNA processing (PubMed:14559904, PubMed:18180292). May bind to specific miRNA hairpins (PubMed:28431233). Component of a multi-helicase-TICAM1 complex that acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and plays a role in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the adapter molecule TICAM1 (By similarity)

The "DDX21 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about DDX21 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
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•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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