TAS2R39: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Taste Receptors

Target Name: TAS2R39

NCBI ID: G259285

TAS2R39

TAS2R39: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Taste Receptors

Introduction

Taste plays a crucial role in our daily lives, as it helps us identify and enjoy various foods and beverages. The sense of taste is mediated by taste receptors, which are diverse transmembrane proteins that recognize specific chemical structures in food compounds. TAS2R39 is a taste receptor, a member of the TAS2R family, which has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker. In this article, we will discuss the structure, function, and potential therapeutic applications of TAS2R39.

Structure and Function

TAS2R39 is a type 2 taste receptor that belongs to the TAS2R family, which includes four subfamilies: TAS2R1, TAS2R2, TAS2R3, and TAS2R4. These taste receptors are expressed in the taste buds of the tongue and are involved in the perception of sweet, sour , bitter, and umami tastes. TAS2R39 is a 22-kDa protein that consists of an extracellular portion and an intracellular portion. The extracellular portion consists of a transmembrane domain, a cytoplasmic domain, and an N-terminus. The intracellular portion includes a catalytic domain and a C-terminus that is involved in protein-protein interactions.

TAS2R39 functions as a taste receptor by recognizing specific chemical structures in food compounds. It is specifically activated by sweet, sour, and bitter tastes. sweet taste is mediated by the sweet taste receptor, TAS2R1, which recognizes the carbonyl group (-COOH) found in sugary foods. sour taste is mediated by the sour taste receptor, TAS2R2, which recognizes the hydrogen atom (-H) found in sour foods and beverages. bitter taste is mediated by the bitter taste receptor, TAS2R3, which recognizes the pyrrolidonium ion ( -PYR).

TAS2R39 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which means that it uses intracellular signaling cascades to regulate its function. The GPCR signaling pathway involves the activation of GPCRs by agonist, which triggers a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the production of a second messenger (SM) molecule. The signaling cascade involves the following steps:

1. Activation of the GPCR by agonist: The agonist binds to the GPCR and triggers a conformational change that activates it.
2. Activation of GPCR: The activated GPCR undergoes a series of structural changes that increase its catalytic activity.
3. Activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC): The activated GPCR activates AC, which leads to increased levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the cell.
4. Activation of protein kinase (PK): The increased levels of cAMP in the cell activate PK, which phosphates several target proteins, including the SM-associated protein (SAP), which in turn activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (CREB /CREB-CAM) signaling pathway.
5. Activation of CREB/CREB-CAM signaling pathway: The activated SAP activates CREB/CREB-CAM, which in turn activates various transcription factors, including taste-specific cis-elements and transcription factors, which encode the genes involved in taste perception.
6. Activation of taste-specific genes: The activated CREB/CREB-CAM signaling pathway triggers the transcription of taste-specific genes, including TAS2R39, which encodes the protein TAS2R39.

TAS2R39 is a strong candidate as a drug target due to its unique structure and function. Its activation by sweet, sour, and bitter tastes makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating taste perception. Additionally, its GPCR nature makes it vulnerable to

Protein Name: Taste 2 Receptor Member 39

Functions: Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5 (By similarity)

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