COQ2 as a Drug Target: Unlocking the Potential of Coenzyme A3 (COQ10D1)

Target Name: COQ2

NCBI ID: G27235

COQ2

COQ2 as a Drug Target: Unlocking the Potential of Coenzyme A3 (COQ10D1)

Coenzyme A3 (COQ10D1) is a ubiquitous coenzyme found in all cell types of eukaryotes. It plays a vital role in various cellular processes, including energy production, electron transport, and DNA replication. The levels of COQ10D1 in cells can be affected by various factors, including nutrient availability, stress, and aging. The ability to modulate COQ10D1 levels is of great interest, as it can have a significant impact on cellular function and health.

Drugs that target COQ10D1 have the potential to treat a range of disorders, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. In this article, we will explore the potential of COQ10D1 as a drug target and highlight some of the existing research in this field.

The Structure and Function of COQ10D1

COQ10D1 is a small molecule that consists of two chain subunits: alpha-subunit (A) and beta-subunit (B). The A subunit has a catalytic active site, where the carbonyl group (-CHO) is located. This carbonyl group is critical for the stability and activity of the enzyme. The B subunit has a Rossmann-fold (尾-尾) loop and a carboxylic acid side chain, which contribute to its stability and acidity.

The molecular weight of COQ10D1 is 88 kDa, and it has a calculated pKa of 7.5. COQ10D1 is a strong antioxidant and has been shown to protect cells from oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

In addition to its antioxidant properties, COQ10D1 has been shown to play a role in various cellular processes, including:

* Energy production: COQ10D1 is a coenzyme for the citric acid cycle (5), also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP.
* Electron transport: COQ10D1 is a component of the electron transport chain (6), which is responsible for transporting electrons in the cell.
* DNA replication: COQ10D1 is required for DNA replication.

The Potential of COQ10D1 as a Drug Target

The ability to target COQ10D1 specifically and modulate its levels is of great interest. This can be achieved through various mechanisms, including:

* Small molecule inhibitors: Small molecules can be designed to bind to specific active sites on COQ10D1 and prevent it from functioning. These inhibitors can be either competitive or non-competitive. Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while non-competitive inhibitors bind to a different site on the enzyme.
* Biomarkers: The levels of COQ10D1 in cells can be used as a biomarker to track the effectiveness of a drug. For example, if a drug is able to modulate COQ10D1 levels, the levels of this molecule should decrease over time.

Existing Research on COQ10D1

Several studies have investigated the potential of COQ10D1 as a drug target. One of the most significant findings is that inhibitors of COQ10D1 have been shown to protect against oxidative stress in cells. This suggests that modulating COQ10D1 levels may be a promising strategy for treating oxidative stress-related diseases.

Another study has shown that COQ10D1 levels are regulated by the

Protein Name: Coenzyme Q2, Polyprenyltransferase

Functions: Mediates the second step in the final reaction sequence of coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis (PubMed:15153069, PubMed:17374725, PubMed:16400613, PubMed:20526342). Catalyzes the prenylation of para-hydroxybenzoate (PHB) with an all-trans polyprenyl donor (such as all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate) (PubMed:15153069, PubMed:17374725, PubMed:16400613, PubMed:20526342). The length of the polyprenyl side chain varies depending on the species, in humans, the side chain is comprised of 10 isoprenyls (decaprenyl) producing CoQ10 (also known as ubiquinone), whereas rodents predominantly generate CoQ9 (PubMed:15153069, PubMed:16400613). However, this specificity is not complete, human tissues have low amounts of CoQ9 and rodent organs contain some CoQ10 (PubMed:15153069). Plays a central role in the biosynthesis of CoQ10 (PubMed:15153069, PubMed:17374725, PubMed:16400613). CoQ10 is a vital molecule that transports electrons from mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (PubMed:17374725, PubMed:27493029, PubMed:16400613). CoQs also function as cofactors for uncoupling protein and play a role as regulators of the extracellularly-induced ceramide-dependent apoptotic pathway (PubMed:17374725, PubMed:16400613). Regulates mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and ROS production (pivotal events in cell death) in a tissue specific manner (By similarity)

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•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
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•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
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•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
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•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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