RAD51: A Potential Drug Target for Cancer (G5888)

Target Name: RAD51

NCBI ID: G5888

RAD51

RAD51: A Potential Drug Target for Cancer

RAD51 is a protein that plays a critical role in DNA repair and has been identified as a potential drug target in the field of cancer. RAD51 is a homolog of the protein Rad51, which is found in all eukaryotic cells. The protein encoded by RAD51 is composed of 111 amino acid residues and has a calculated molecular weight of 11.4 kDa.

The function of RAD51

RAD51 is a protein that is involved in the repair of DNA damage. During DNA replication, the double helix is split, and if any of the nucleotides are modified or damaged, the repair process must be initiated to prevent the replication of the damaged DNA. RAD51 is involved in this process by ensuring that the damaged nucleotides are removed and replaced with the correct sequence.

One of the critical functions of RAD51 is its ability to recognize and remove damaged DNA. This is accomplished through a process called homologous recombination. During homologous recombination, RAD51 uses its 3'-end to create a double-stranded break in the damaged DNA. The 5' end of the broken strand is then joined back to the 3' end of the original strand, creating a fully repaired DNA molecule.

Another function of RAD51 is its role in checkpointing, a process that ensures that cell proliferation is controlled. During checkpoint, RAD51 helps to ensure that the DNA double helix is not tampered with during the repair process. This helps to prevent the formation of rogue cells that could be dangerous if they were to divide out of control.

RAD51 as a drug target

The potential use of RAD51 as a drug target is based on its involvement in the repair process and its ability to recognize and remove damaged DNA. Many drugs that are currently in use to treat cancer have been shown to interfere with the repair process, either by inhibiting DNA repair altogether or by making it more difficult for RAD51 to function.

One of the main classes of drugs that have been shown to interact with RAD51 is the checkpoint inhibitors. These drugs work by inhibiting the activity of checkpoints, which are proteins that ensure that cell proliferation is controlled. By inhibiting checkpoints, these drugs can allow cancer cells to divide more freely, leading to the formation of rogue cells that are more likely to be cancerous.

Another class of drugs that have been shown to interact with RAD51 is the DNA damage response drugs. These drugs work by inhibiting the DNA repair process, which is necessary for the DNA double helix to be fully repaired after it has been damaged. By inhibiting the DNA repair process, these drugs can also allow cancer cells to divide more freely, leading to the formation of rogue cells that are more likely to be cancerous.

In addition to its role in checkpoint inhibitors and DNA damage response drugs, RAD51 has also been shown to interact with other drugs that are currently used to treat cancer. For example, the drug p53 is a well-known checkpoint inhibitor that has been shown to interact with RAD51. The combination of p53 and RAD51 has been shown to enhance the inhibition of cancer cell division in a variety of cell lines and models.

Conclusion

In conclusion, RAD51 is a protein that plays a critical role in the repair process of DNA in eukaryotic cells. Its ability to recognize and remove damaged DNA makes it an attractive drug target for cancer treatment. The potential uses of RAD51 as a drug target are based on its involvement in the repair process and its ability to interact with checkpoints and DNA damage response drugs. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential of RAD51 as a drug

Protein Name: RAD51 Recombinase

Functions: Plays an important role in homologous strand exchange, a key step in DNA repair through homologous recombination (HR) (PubMed:18417535, PubMed:20348101, PubMed:12205100, PubMed:20231364, PubMed:23754376, PubMed:23509288, PubMed:28575658, PubMed:26681308). Binds to single-stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to form nucleoprotein filaments which are essential for the homology search and strand exchange (PubMed:18417535, PubMed:20348101, PubMed:12205100, PubMed:20231364, PubMed:23754376, PubMed:23509288, PubMed:28575658, PubMed:26681308). Catalyzes the recognition of homology and strand exchange between homologous DNA partners to form a joint molecule between a processed DNA break and the repair template (PubMed:18417535, PubMed:20348101, PubMed:12205100, PubMed:20231364, PubMed:23754376, PubMed:23509288, PubMed:28575658, PubMed:26681308). Recruited to resolve stalled replication forks during replication stress (PubMed:27797818, PubMed:31844045). Part of a PALB2-scaffolded HR complex containing BRCA2 and RAD51C and which is thought to play a role in DNA repair by HR (PubMed:24141787, PubMed:12442171). Plays a role in regulating mitochondrial DNA copy number under conditions of oxidative stress in the presence of RAD51C and XRCC3 (PubMed:20413593). Also involved in interstrand cross-link repair (PubMed:26253028)

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