XRCC5: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for X-ray Damage

Target Name: XRCC5

NCBI ID: G7520

XRCC5

XRCC5: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for X-ray Damage

X-ray exposure is a common cause of DNA damage, leading to an increased risk of cancer development. Damaged DNA can lead to a range of cellular and developmental abnormalities, including an increased risk of aging, mutations, and diseases such as cancer. Therefore, it is crucial to have effective repair mechanisms to protect the DNA from damage caused by x-rays. One of the proteins that plays a vital role in this process is XRCC5, which is a component of the DNA damage repair pathway.

XRCC5 is a non-protein protein that is expressed in various cell types, including epithelial, hematopoietic, and neural cells. It is a 24-kDa protein that is composed of 115 amino acid residues. XRCC5 functions as a cofactor for the DNA repair enzyme, DNA-protein cross-complementing protein 1 (DNAPC1), which is responsible for repairing damage to DNA caused by x-rays.

XRCC5 is a key regulator of DNA repair and has been shown to play a crucial role in preventing the accumulation of DNA damage caused by x-rays. Studies have shown that XRCC5 helps to protect the DNA from damage by x-rays by ensuring that DNAPC1 is properly assembled and functioning. XRCC5 does this by interacting with DNAPC1 and helping to regulate the level of its activity.

In addition to its role in DNA repair, XRCC5 has also been shown to play a potential drug target in the treatment of cancer. Cancer cells are under constant pressure to repair their DNA, which makes them particularly sensitive to drugs that can inhibit this repair process. XRCC5 has been shown to be a potential drug target for cancer treatment by inhibiting the activity of DNAPC1, which is necessary for DNA repair in cancer cells.

XRCC5 has been shown to inhibit the activity of DNAPC1 in a variety of cancer cell types, including breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer. In addition, studies have shown that inhibiting the activity of DNAPC1 using XRCC5 can lead to a reduction in the formation of second-order mutations, which are often the result of DNA repair failures in cancer cells.

XRCC5 has also been shown to have a positive impact on the expression of cell cycle genes, which are important for the growth and progression of cancer cells. This suggests that XRCC5 may also have a role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and could potentially be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

In conclusion, XRCC5 is a protein that plays a crucial role in the DNA damage repair pathway and has been shown to have a positive impact on the regulation of cell cycle progression. Its potential as a drug target makes it an attractive target for cancer treatment. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of XRCC5 in cancer development and to develop effective treatments based on this protein.

Protein Name: X-ray Repair Cross Complementing 5

Functions: Single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent helicase that plays a key role in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) by recruiting DNA-PK to DNA (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912). Required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912). Also has a role in chromosome translocation (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912). The DNA helicase II complex binds preferentially to fork-like ends of double-stranded DNA in a cell cycle-dependent manner (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912). It works in the 3'-5' direction (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912). During NHEJ, the XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer performs the recognition step: it recognizes and binds to the broken ends of the DNA and protects them from further resection (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912). Binding to DNA may be mediated by XRCC6 (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912). The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer acts as regulatory subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK by increasing the affinity of the catalytic subunit PRKDC to DNA by 100-fold (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:20383123, PubMed:11493912). The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer is probably involved in stabilizing broken DNA ends and bringing them together (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:20383123). The assembly of the DNA-PK complex to DNA ends is required for the NHEJ ligation step (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:20383123). The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer probably also acts as a 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (5'-dRP lyase), by catalyzing the beta-elimination of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site near double-strand breaks (PubMed:20383123). XRCC5 probably acts as the catalytic subunit of 5'-dRP activity, and allows to 'clean' the termini of abasic sites, a class of nucleotide damage commonly associated with strand breaks, before such broken ends can be joined (PubMed:20383123). The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer together with APEX1 acts as a negative regulator of transcription (PubMed:8621488). In association with NAA15, the XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer binds to the osteocalcin promoter and activates osteocalcin expression (PubMed:12145306). As part of the DNA-PK complex, involved in the early steps of ribosome assembly by promoting the processing of precursor rRNA into mature 18S rRNA in the small-subunit processome (PubMed:32103174). Binding to U3 small nucleolar RNA, recruits PRKDC and XRCC5/Ku86 to the small-subunit processome (PubMed:32103174). Plays a role in the regulation of DNA virus-mediated innate immune response by assembling into the HDP-RNP complex, a complex that serves as a platform for IRF3 phosphorylation and subsequent innate immune response activation through the cGAS-STING pathway (PubMed:28712728)

The "XRCC5 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about XRCC5 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

More Common Targets