SOAT2: Key Enzyme in Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism (G8435)

Target Name: SOAT2

NCBI ID: G8435

SOAT2

SOAT2: Key Enzyme in Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism

SOAT2 (acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2) is a protein that is expressed in various cell types of the body, including liver, muscle, and heart. It is a key enzyme in the lipid metabolism pathway, which is responsible for the production and uptake of cholesterol in the body. Cholesterol is a crucial component of cell membranes and is also used to produce hormones and bile.

SOAT2 is a member of the SOAT family of enzymes, which are known for their role in transporting fatty acids across cell membranes. SOAT2 is specific for cholesterol, and its primary function is to transfer cholesterol esters to the inner lining of the blood vessels (endothelium). This process is critical for maintaining the structural integrity of the blood vessels and is also involved in the production of bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fatty acids.

The SOAT2 enzyme is expressed in various tissues and cell types of the body, including the liver, muscle, and heart. It is also highly expressed in the liver, which is the primary organ responsible for manufacturing and storing cholesterol. In the liver, SOAT2 is expressed in the peroxisome, which is a organ responsible for the production of bile acids, as well as other important compounds, such as insulin and vitamin D.

SOAT2 is a critical enzyme in the production of bile acids, which are essential for the digestion of fatty acids. Bile acids are synthesized in the liver and then enter the bile ducts, where they are stored and eventually discharged into the duodenum. SOAT2 is involved in the final step of bile acid synthesis, which is the addition of a phosphate group to the bile acids. This addition is critical for maintaining the stability and integrity of the bile acids, as they are responsible for carrying away fatty acids from the body and making them available for energy metabolism.

In addition to its role in bile acid synthesis, SOAT2 is also involved in the production of other compounds that are important for cellular signaling and energy metabolism. SOAT2 is a key enzyme in the production of acyl-CoA, which is a key precursor in the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Acyl-CoA is a crucial compound in the production of energy-rich compounds, such as fatty acids, which are important for maintaining cellular signaling and energy metabolism.

SOAT2 is also involved in the production of other compounds that are important for cellular signaling and inflammation. SOAT2 is a key enzyme in the production of 2-acyl-CoA, which is a precursor in the shikimate pathway, a pathway that is involved in the production of aromatic amino acids, such as tryptophan and indole. These compounds are important for cellular signaling and inflammation.

SOAT2 is also involved in the production of other compounds that are important for cellular signaling and energy metabolism. SOAT2 is a key enzyme in the production of 3-acyl-CoA, which is a precursor in the citric acid cycle. 3-acyl-CoA is a crucial compound in the production of energy-rich compounds, such as fatty acids, which are important for maintaining cellular signaling and energy metabolism.

In conclusion, SOAT2 is a critical enzyme in the production of cholesterol and other compounds that are important for cellular signaling and energy metabolism. Its role in bile acid synthesis and its involvement in the production of acyl-CoA, 2-acyl-CoA, 3-acyl-CoA and other compounds make it a potential drug target or biomarker. Further studies are needed to fully understand the role of SOAT2 in lipid metabolism and to explore its potential as a drug target or biomarker.

Protein Name: Sterol O-acyltransferase 2

Functions: Catalyzes the formation of fatty acid-cholesterol esters, which are less soluble in membranes than cholesterol (PubMed:16647063, PubMed:11294643). Plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption (PubMed:11294643). Utilizes oleoyl-CoA ((9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA) and linolenoyl-CoA ((9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA) as substrates (PubMed:11294643). May provide cholesteryl esters for lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes and intestinal mucosa (PubMed:11294643)

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