HLA-DQA1: A Drug Target / Disease Biomarker (G3117)

Target Name: HLA-DQA1

NCBI ID: G3117

HLA-DQA1

HLA-DQA1: A Drug Target / Disease Biomarker

HLA-DQA1 is a gene that is located on the human immune system's DNA. It is a key regulator of the immune response and plays a crucial role in the development and regulation of autoimmune diseases. HLA-DQA1 is also a potential drug target and biomarker for several diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.

HLA-DQA1 is a member of the HLA-DQA family, which is characterized by the presence of a specific DNA region known as the DQA-1 gene. This gene is located on the immune system's DNA and is responsible for the production of a protein known as the DQA-1 antigen. The DQA-1 antigen is a key component of the immune system and is expressed in many different tissues and cells of the body.

HLA-DQA1 is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and cells throughout the body, including the brain, spinal cord, blood cells, and mucous membranes. It is also expressed in the gut and has been shown to be involved in the immune response to infections and autoimmune diseases.

One of the key functions of HLA-DQA1 is its role in the regulation of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue or cells in the body. These diseases can be divided into two categories: systemic autoimmune diseases, which affect multiple organs and tissues, and cutaneous autoimmune diseases, which affect the skin.

HLA-DQA1 is involved in the regulation of systemic autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. These diseases are characterized by the immune system's overreaction to the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation and damage to the affected organs and tissues.

HLA-DQA1 is also involved in the regulation of cutaneous autoimmune diseases. This is because the immune system uses HLA-DQA1 to recognize and attack the skin. In conditions such as psoriasis and dermatitis, the immune system mistakenly attacks the skin, leading to inflammation and damage.

In addition to its role in autoimmune diseases, HLA-DQA1 is also a potential drug target for several other conditions. For example, HLA-DQA1 has been shown to be involved in the development and progression of certain types of cancer, including skin cancer. It is also thought to be involved in the regulation of stem cell proliferation and the immune response, which could make it a useful target for therapies aimed at treating these conditions.

HLA-DQA1 is also a potential biomarker for several diseases, including multiple sclerosis and cancer. These conditions are characterized by the immune system's overreaction to the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation and damage to the affected organs and tissues. HLA-DQA1 has been shown to be expressed in the blood and urine of patients with these conditions, making it a potential indicator of the severity and progression of these diseases.

In conclusion, HLA-DQA1 is a gene that is located on the human immune system's DNA and plays a crucial role in the development and regulation of autoimmune diseases. It is also a potential drug target and biomarker for several other conditions, including multiple sclerosis and cancer. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of HLA-DQA1 in these conditions and to develop effective therapies aimed at treating these diseases.

Protein Name: Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DQ Alpha 1

Functions: Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading

The "HLA-DQA1 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about HLA-DQA1 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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