Zinc and Ring Finger Protein 1 (ZNRF1): Structure, Function, Metabolism and Disease Association

Target Name: ZNRF1

NCBI ID: G84937

ZNRF1

Zinc and Ring Finger Protein 1 (ZNRF1): Structure, Function, Metabolism and Disease Association

Zinc and Ring Finger Protein 1 (ZNRF1) is a protein that is expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in many biological processes. Research on ZNRF1 has revealed its key role in biological processes such as cell signaling, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, immune response and metabolism. In addition, ZNRF1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases and is therefore considered a potential drug target or biomarker. This article will introduce in detail the research progress on the structure, function, metabolism and disease association of ZNRF1.

1. Structure

ZNRF1 is a zinc ion-binding protein, and its encoding gene is NPK21.1. ZNRF1 consists of 119 amino acids and its molecular weight is 18.9 kDa. ZNRF1 is located in the cytoplasm and expressed in the nucleus. In the nucleus, ZNRF1 is associated with nucleoli and participates in nucleolar assembly and nucleolar matrix formation. In addition, ZNRF1 is also associated with nuclear pores and participates in the formation of nuclear pore complexes.

2. Function

1. Cell signaling

ZNRF1 plays an important role in cell signaling. Studies have shown that ZNRF1 can activate intracellular signaling pathways, such as G1/S signaling, G2/M signaling, FGF signaling and JAK/STAT signaling. Activation of ZNRF1 can increase intracellular cyclophosphamide levels, thereby enhancing DNA replication in G1 and S phases. In addition, ZNRF1 can also bind to a variety of proteins, such as FAK and CREB, thereby enhancing intracellular signaling.

2. Cell cycle regulation

ZNRF1 also plays an important role in cell cycle regulation. Studies have shown that ZNRF1 can inhibit the polymerization of tubulin, thereby inhibiting the progression of mitosis. ZNRF1 can also bind to CDK4 and CDK6, thereby inhibiting cell cycle progression. In addition, ZNRF1 can also bind to p21, thereby inhibiting cell cycle progression.

3. Apoptosis

ZNRF1 also plays an important role in apoptosis. Studies have shown that ZNRF1 can promote apoptosis, especially in neurons. ZNRF1 can bind to Bcl-2, thereby inhibiting cell apoptosis. In addition, ZNRF1 can also bind to p53, thereby promoting apoptosis.

4. Immune response

ZNRF1 also plays an important role in immune responses. Studies have shown that ZNRF1 can promote the proliferation and differentiation of T cells, thereby participating in immune responses. ZNRF1 can also bind to PD-L1, thereby inhibiting the immune response of T cells.

5. Metabolism

ZNRF1 also plays an important role in metabolism. Studies have shown that ZNRF1 can participate in intracellular fatty acid metabolism, such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). ZNRF1 can also bind to Pyruvate, thereby participating in intracellular glycolysis.

3. Disease association

ZNRF1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. For example, ZNRF1 is associated with the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. ZNRF1 is also related to tumorigenesis. For example, ZNRF1 is related to the occurrence of lung cancer (lung cancer) and prostate cancer (prostate cancer). In addition, ZNRF1 is also related to metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.

4. Conclusion

ZNRF1 is an important protein that plays an important role in biological processes such as cell signaling, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, immune response, and metabolism. ZNRF1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases and is therefore considered a potential drug target or biomarker. Future research can further reveal the mechanism of action of ZNRF1 in biological processes, thus providing new ideas for the treatment of various diseases.

Protein Name: Zinc And Ring Finger 1

Functions: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the ubiquitination of AKT1 and GLUL, thereby playing a role in neuron cells differentiation. Plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal transmission and plasticity. Regulates Schwann cells differentiation by mediating ubiquitination of GLUL. Promotes neurodegeneration by mediating 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of AKT1 in axons: degradation of AKT1 prevents AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of GSK3B, leading to GSK3B activation and phosphorylation of DPYSL2/CRMP2 followed by destabilization of microtubule assembly in axons (Probable)

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