Target Name: MCU
NCBI ID: G90550
Review Report on MCU Target / Biomarker Content of Review Report on MCU Target / Biomarker
MCU
Other Name(s): Mitochondrial calcium uniporter, transcript variant 2 | Mitochondrial calcium uniporter, transcript variant 1 | Mitochondrial calcium uniporter | MCU_HUMAN | coiled-coil domain-containing protein 109A | MCU variant 2 | Calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 109A | Calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial (isoform 1) | Calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial (isoform 2) | mitochondrial calcium uniporter | C10orf42 | MCU variant 1 | CCDC109A | HsMCU | calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial

MCU: Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter and Potential Drug Target

Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of mitochondrial function and calcium homeostasis. It is a transmembrane protein that spans the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and is involved in the transfer of calcium ions from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix.

MCU is composed of four subunits, which are organized in a hierarchical structure that is similar to a barley crisplet. The subunits are named alpha, beta, gamma, and delta and are coiled together in a unique arrangement that allows for the efficient transfer of calcium ions.

MCU is regulated by several different factors, including ATP, PKA, and CRE. ATP is a proven potent modulator of MCU function, as it can induce the conformational changes that are necessary for the transfer of calcium ions. PKA is another regulatory factor that is known to interact with MCU and can modulate its stability. CRE is a transcription factor that is known to play a role in the regulation of MCU gene expression.

MCU is also known as the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) gene, and it is located on chromosome 16. It is a single gene that encodes a protein that is expressed in the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix. The MCU protein is composed of 1,942 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of 21.9 kDa.

MCU is involved in many different cellular processes, including the regulation of mitochondrial fusion, the maintenance of mitochondrial quality, and the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. It is also involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, as it is responsible for the efficient transfer of calcium ions from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix.

MCU is a potential drug target, as it is involved in many different cellular processes that can be modulated by drugs. For example, inhibitors of ATP or PKA have been shown to be effective in modulating the activity of MCU. Additionally, drugs that can modulate the levels of calcium ions in the cytosol have also been shown to have activity against MCU.

MCU is also a potential biomarker, as its activity can be modulated by a variety of different factors, including ATP, PKA, and CRE. For example, the activity of MCU can be modulated by the levels of calcium ions in the cytosol, which can be manipulated by drugs or other factors. Additionally, the levels of MCU can be regulated by the levels of ATP and PKA, which can be used as targets for drugs.

In conclusion, MCU is a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of mitochondrial function and calcium homeostasis. It is a transmembrane protein that is involved in the transfer of calcium ions from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix. MCU is regulated by several different factors, including ATP, PKA, and CRE, and it is also involved in the regulation of many different cellular processes. Additionally, MCU is a potential drug target and biomarker, and its activity can be modulated by a variety of different factors. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of MCU in cellular processes and its potential as a drug target and biomarker.

Protein Name: Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter

Functions: Mitochondrial inner membrane calcium uniporter that mediates calcium uptake into mitochondria (PubMed:21685888, PubMed:21685886, PubMed:23101630, PubMed:22904319, PubMed:23178883, PubMed:22829870, PubMed:22822213, PubMed:24332854, PubMed:23755363, PubMed:26341627). Constitutes the pore-forming and calcium-conducting subunit of the uniporter complex (uniplex) (PubMed:23755363). Activity is regulated by MICU1 and MICU2. At low Ca(2+) levels MCU activity is down-regulated by MICU1 and MICU2; at higher Ca(2+) levels MICU1 increases MCU activity (PubMed:24560927, PubMed:26903221). Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis plays key roles in cellular physiology and regulates cell bioenergetics, cytoplasmic calcium signals and activation of cell death pathways. Involved in buffering the amplitude of systolic calcium rises in cardiomyocytes (PubMed:22822213). While dispensable for baseline homeostatic cardiac function, acts as a key regulator of short-term mitochondrial calcium loading underlying a 'fight-or-flight' response during acute stress: acts by mediating a rapid increase of mitochondrial calcium in pacemaker cells (PubMed:25603276). participates in mitochondrial permeability transition during ischemia-reperfusion injury (By similarity). Regulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells by regulating mitochondrial calcium uptake (PubMed:22904319, PubMed:22829870). Mitochondrial calcium uptake in skeletal muscle cells is involved in muscle size in adults (By similarity). Regulates synaptic vesicle endocytosis kinetics in central nerve terminal (By similarity). Involved in antigen processing and presentation (By similarity)

The "MCU Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about MCU comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

More Common Targets

MCUB | MCUR1 | MDC1 | MDFI | MDFIC | MDGA1 | MDGA2 | MDH1 | MDH1B | MDH2 | MDK | MDM1 | MDM2 | MDM4 | MDN1 | MDS2 | ME1 | ME2 | ME3 | MEA1 | MEAF6 | MEAF6P1 | MEAK7 | Mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channel | Mechanosensitive Ion Channel | MECOM | MECOM-AS1 | MeCP1 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex | MECP2 | MECR | MED1 | MED10 | MED11 | MED12 | MED12L | MED13 | MED13L | MED14 | MED14P1 | MED15 | MED15P8 | MED16 | MED17 | MED18 | MED19 | MED20 | MED21 | MED22 | MED23 | MED24 | MED25 | MED26 | MED27 | MED28 | MED29 | MED30 | MED31 | MED4 | MED4-AS1 | MED6 | MED7 | MED8 | MED9 | MEDAG | Mediator Complex | Mediator of RNA Polymerase II Transcription | MEF2A | MEF2B | MEF2C | MEF2C-AS1 | MEF2C-AS2 | MEF2D | MEFV | MEG3 | MEG8 | MEG9 | MEGF10 | MEGF11 | MEGF6 | MEGF8 | MEGF9 | MEI1 | MEI4 | MEIG1 | MEIKIN | MEIOB | MEIOC | MEIOSIN | MEIS1 | MEIS1-AS2 | MEIS1-AS3 | MEIS2 | MEIS3 | MEIS3P1 | MEIS3P2 | Melanin | Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor | Melanocortin receptor | Melanoma-Associated Antigen | Melatonin receptor