CHCHD4: A Mitochondrial Protein for Drug Targets and Biomarkers

Target Name: CHCHD4

NCBI ID: G131474

CHCHD4

Other Name(s): Mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly protein 40 | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog | Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4 | mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly 40 homolog | MIA40_HUMAN | Mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly protein 40 (isoform 1) | TIMM40 | coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 4 | CHCHD4 variant 1 | coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4 | MIA40 | Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 4, transcript variant 1 | mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly protein 40

CHCHD4: A Mitochondrial Protein for Drug Targets and Biomarkers

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that play a crucial role in energy metabolism and have been implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. One of the key proteins involved in understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and disease is CHCHD4, a Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space Importer and Assembly Protein 40.

CHCHD4 is a 21-kDa protein that localizes to the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where it plays a critical role in importing and assembly of mitochondrial proteins involved in various cellular processes, including energy metabolism, stress response, and autophagy. The CHCHD4 protein has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker for various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.

Disease-Related CHCHD4 Expression and CHCHD4-Compensated Mitochondrial Proteins

CHCHD4 has been shown to be involved in various cellular processes in the brain, including the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, the maintenance of cellular stress resistance, and the contribution to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Several studies have demonstrated that CHCHD4 levels are altered in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.

In addition to its role in neurodegenerative disorders, CHCHD4 has also been implicated in the development and progression of cancer. For instance, CHCHD4 has been shown to be overexpressed in various cancer types, including breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. Moreover, studies have shown that CHCHD4 can act as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as high CHCHD4 levels have been associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients.

CHCHD4 as a Drug Target

The potential of CHCHD4 as a drug target is based on its involvement in various cellular processes that are disrupted in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Several studies have shown that CHCHD4 can be modulated by drugs, including small molecules, peptides, and antibodies, and that these modifications can have a profound impact on cellular processes and the development of disease.

For instance, several studies have shown that inhibition of CHCHD4 can improve the cognitive function and reduce the expression of neurodegenerative-related genes in rat models of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, inhibition of CHCHD4 has been shown to reduce the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and improve the expression of neuroprotective genes in rat models of Parkinson's disease.

Antibodies against CHCHD4 have also been shown to be effective in reducing the expression of neurodegenerative-related genes in rat models of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, administration of antibodies against CHCHD4 has been shown to improve the expression of genes involved in stress response and cellular stress resistance in rat models of stress-induced neurodegenerative disorders.

Biomarker Potential

The potential of CHCHD4 as a biomarker for various diseases is based on its involvement in various cellular processes that are disrupted in these diseases. Several studies have shown that CHCHD4 levels are altered in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.

For instance, studies have shown that CHCHD4 levels are decreased in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease, and that these changes are associated with the development of neurodegeneration in these individuals. Similarly, CHCHD4 has

Protein Name: Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix Domain Containing 4

Functions: Central component of a redox-sensitive mitochondrial intermembrane space import machinery which is required for the biogenesis of respiratory chain complexes (PubMed:26004228). Functions as chaperone and catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds in substrate proteins, such as COX17, COX19, MICU1 and COA7 (PubMed:16185709, PubMed:26387864, PubMed:19182799, PubMed:21059946, PubMed:23186364, PubMed:23676665, PubMed:30885959). Required for the import and folding of small cysteine-containing proteins (small Tim) in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS). Required for the import of COA7 in the IMS (PubMed:30885959). Precursor proteins to be imported into the IMS are translocated in their reduced form into the mitochondria. The oxidized form of CHCHD4/MIA40 forms a transient intermolecular disulfide bridge with the reduced precursor protein, resulting in oxidation of the precursor protein that now contains an intramolecular disulfide bond and is able to undergo folding in the IMS (PubMed:16185709, PubMed:19182799, PubMed:21059946, PubMed:23676665). Reduced CHCHD4/MIA40 is then reoxidized by GFER/ERV1 via a disulfide relay system (PubMed:23186364). Mediates formation of disulfide bond in MICU1 in the IMS, promoting formation of the MICU1-MICU2 heterodimer that regulates mitochondrial calcium uptake (PubMed:26387864)

The "CHCHD4 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about CHCHD4 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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