A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Obesity, Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Disorders

A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Obesity, Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that play a crucial role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. These receptors are involved in the uptake and storage of free fatty acids (FFAs) from the bloodstream, and are crucial for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. The third member of this family, FFAAR-3, has recently been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker for several diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.

structure and function

FFAARs are a family of transmembrane proteins that consists of four subunits: 伪, 尾, 纬, and 未. These subunits form a monolayer and are responsible for the different aspects of FFAAR function. The 伪 subunit is responsible for the EGFR-like signaling, the 尾 subunit is responsible for the p120-related signaling, the 纬 subunit is responsible for the FAAR-3-related signaling, and the 未 subunit is responsible for the DFAS-related signaling.

FFAAR-3 is a 140 amino acid protein that belongs to the FFAAR family. It has a unique structure that consists of a single transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail. FFAAR-3 has a high degree of homology with its related protein, FFAAR-1, which is a key regulator of lipid metabolism and has been identified as a potential drug target for several diseases.

Expression and function

FFAAR-3 is expressed in various tissues and cells, including adipocytes, muscle fibers, and brain. It is shown to be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, including the uptake and storage of free fatty acids. FFAAR-3 has been shown to interact with various cellular signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which is involved in the regulation of cell survival and metabolism.

FFAAR-3 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of cellular adhesion. It has been shown to interact with the protein, E-cadherin, which is involved in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion. This interaction between FFAAR-3 and E-cadherin suggests that FFAAR-3 may be a useful target for diseases associated with cellular adhesion, such as cancer.

FFAAR-3 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways that are involved in neurodegenerative disorders. It has been shown to interact with the protein, TrkB, which is involved in the regulation of cell survival and has been shown to be involved in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. This interaction between FFAAR-3 and TrkB suggests that FFAAR-3 may be a useful target for neurodegenerative disorders.

Drug targeting

FFAAR-3 is a potential drug target due to its involvement in various cellular signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of diseases. Obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders are some of the diseases that may be treated by targeting FFAAR-3.

FFAAR-3 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, including the uptake and storage of free fatty acids. Targeting FFAAR-3 may be a useful treatment for obesity, as it has been shown to increase the uptake of free fatty acids from the bloodstream, which can lead to weight loss.

FFAAR-3 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of cellular adhesion, which is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, including tissue repair and regeneration. Targeting FFAAR-3

Protein Name: Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3

Functions: G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by a major product of dietary fiber digestion, the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and that plays a role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and in intestinal immunity. In omnivorous mammals, the short chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced primarily by the gut microbiome that metabolizes dietary fibers. SCFAs serve as a source of energy but also act as signaling molecules. That G protein-coupled receptor is probably coupled to the pertussis toxin-sensitive, G(i/o)-alpha family of G proteins. Its activation results in the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, the mobilization of intracellular calcium, the phosphorylation of the MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2 kinases and the inhibition of intracellular cAMP accumulation (PubMed:12711604). Activated by SCFAs and by beta-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body produced by the liver upon starvation, it inhibits N-type calcium channels and modulates the activity of sympathetic neurons through a signaling cascade involving the beta and gamma subunits of its coupled G protein, phospholipase C and MAP kinases. Thereby, it may regulate energy expenditure through the control of the sympathetic nervous system that controls for instance heart rate. Upon activation by SCFAs accumulating in the intestine, it may also signal to the brain via neural circuits which in turn would regulate intestinal gluconeogenesis. May also control the production of hormones involved in whole-body energy homeostasis. May for instance, regulate blood pressure through renin secretion. May also regulate secretion of the PYY peptide by enteroendocrine cells and control gut motility, intestinal transit rate, and the harvesting of energy from SCFAs produced by gut microbiota. May also indirectly regulate the production of LEP/Leptin, a hormone acting on the CNS to inhibit food intake, in response to the presence of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine. Finally, may also play a role in glucose homeostasis. Besides its role in energy homeostasis, may play a role in intestinal immunity. May mediate the activation of the inflammatory and immune response by SCFAs in the gut, regulating the rapid production of chemokines and cytokines by intestinal epithelial cells. Among SCFAs, the fatty acids containing less than 6 carbons, the most potent activators are probably propionate, butyrate and pentanoate while acetate is a poor activator (PubMed:12496283, PubMed:12711604)

The "FFAR3 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about FFAR3 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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