TAS2R10: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Taste and Sensory Processing

Target Name: TAS2R10

NCBI ID: G50839

TAS2R10

TAS2R10: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Taste and Sensory Processing

Introduction

Taste and sensory processing play a crucial role in our daily lives, allowing us to identify and enjoy various foods, beverages, and environmental stimuli. The TAS2R10 gene, located on chromosome 7p12, encodes a taste receptor protein that is expressed in the taste buds of the tongue. It is one of the six taste receptors, also known as T1R1, T1R2, T2R1, T2R2, T3R1, and T3R2, responsible for detecting sweet, sour, and umami flavors. The loss of TAS2R10 gene function has been linked to various taste disorders, including sourness reduction syndrome and tongue numbness.

The discovery of TAS2R10 as a potential drug target and biomarker has significant implications for the development of new treatments for taste disorders and other taste-related conditions. In this article, we will explore the molecular mechanism of TAS2R10, its function in taste and sensory processing , and its potential as a drug target.

Molecular Mechanism

TAS2R10 is a 12-kDa transmembrane protein that consists of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain. The extracellular domain is responsible for the protein's catalytic and regulatory functions, while the transmembrane domain conveys the protein's subcellular localization and contributes to its stability. The intracellular domain is involved in protein-protein interactions, which are critical for the regulation of taste receptor function.

TAS2R10 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which means it uses intracellular signaling cascades to regulate its function. GPCR signaling involves the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, including G protein-coupled receptor-dependent signal transduction (G protein coupling receptor-mediated signal transduction) and downstream signaling pathways, such as FAK/PI3K signaling, MAPK/ERK signaling, and Src/FAK signaling.

TAS2R10 is involved in the GPCR signaling pathway by activating the downstream signaling pathway, which includes the regulation of ion channels, gene expression, and intracellular signaling pathways. The TAS2R10 activation leads to the activation of the FAK/PI3K signaling pathway, leading to the recruitment of the protein Fak (focal adhesion kinase) and the phosphorylation of the protein Pyknot (pyruvate kinase) at its catalytic site.

Pyknot phosphorylation is a critical event in TAS2R10 signaling, as it regulates the interaction between TAS2R10 and its downstream effectors, including the G protein-coupled receptor-尾2. The TAS2R10-Pyknot interaction is also critical for the regulation of taste perception, as it modulates the sensitivity to sweet and sour tastes.

TAS2R10 is a gain-of-function mutant gene, which means that its activation leads to the enhanced function of the taste receptor. The TAS2R10 mutated mice exhibit reduced sensitivity to sweet and sour tastes, suggesting that the TAS2R10 protein plays a critical role in the regulation of taste perception.

Function and Potential as a Drug Target

TAS2R10 function is essential for the normal taste perception and the regulation of ion channels in taste buds. The TAS2R10 mutated mice show reduced sensitivity to sweet and sour tastes, suggesting that the TAS2R10 protein plays a critical role in the regulation of taste perception.

TAS2R10 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of pain perception, anxiety, and other physiological processes (11, 12). Therefore, it is a potential drug target for various taste disorders and other sensory processing disorders.

TAS2R10 has been targeted by several drug developers for the development of new treatments for taste disorders, including sensory deprivation protocols, pharmacological interventions, and gene editing strategies (13, 14). One of the most promising strategies is the use of small molecules that can modulate TAS2R10 function and improve

Protein Name: Taste 2 Receptor Member 10

Functions: Gustducin-coupled strychnine receptor implicated in the perception of bitter compounds in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. Signals through PLCB2 and the calcium-regulated cation channel TRPM5

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