FEN1: A Protein Involved in DNA Damage Repair and Disease (G2237)
FEN1: A Protein Involved in DNA Damage Repair and Disease
FEN1 (Flap Structure-Specific Endonuclease 1) is a protein that is expressed in various cell types, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. It is a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerase (NBO) family and is involved in the regulation of DNA double-strand break repair.
FEN1 is highly conserved across different species, with only minor sequence differences between different organisms. It is expressed in most bacterial genomes and is involved in the maintenance of DNA integrity during various cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and repair.
FEN1 functions as an endonuclease, which means it can cleave double-stranded DNA at specific recognition sites. This property makes it a potential drug target or biomarker in diseases that are characterized by DNA damage or dysfunction.
One of the unique features of FEN1 is its ability to recognize specific DNA sequences that are Flap-rich, meaning they have a specific arrangement of base pairs that can be easily cleaved by the endonuclease. FEN1's ability to recognize these Flap-rich sequences makes it particularly useful as a drug target, as it allows for the targeted cleavage of specific DNA sequences that are associated with a variety of diseases.
FEN1 has been shown to be involved in a number of different diseases and conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inherited disorders. For example, studies have shown that FEN1 is involved in the development and progression of various types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers.
In addition to its involvement in cancer, FEN1 has also been shown to be involved in a number of other diseases and conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These studies have shown that FEN1 is involved in the development and progression of these diseases, potentially contributing to their pathophysiology.
FEN1 has also been shown to be involved in a number of cellular processes that are important for maintaining cellular health and homeostasis. For example, FEN1 is involved in the regulation of DNA replication, which is critical for the maintenance of genetic diversity and the development of new organisms.
In addition to its role in DNA replication, FEN1 is also involved in the regulation of transcription, which is the process by which RNA is produced from DNA. This is important for the proper functioning of cells and is critical for the development and progression of many diseases.
FEN1's involvement in these cellular processes makes it an attractive target for drug development and research into new treatments for a variety of diseases. By targeting FEN1 with small molecules or other therapeutic agents, researchers may be able to develop new treatments for conditions that are characterized by DNA damage or dysfunction.
In conclusion, FEN1 is a protein that is involved in a variety of cellular processes that are important for maintaining cellular health and homeostasis. Its ability to recognize specific DNA sequences that are Flap-rich makes it a potential drug target or biomarker in a variety of diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of FEN1 in these diseases and to develop new treatments for conditions that are characterized by DNA damage or dysfunction.
Protein Name: Flap Structure-specific Endonuclease 1
Functions: Structure-specific nuclease with 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'-3' exonuclease activities involved in DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. It enters the flap from the 5'-end and then tracks to cleave the flap base, leaving a nick for ligation. Also involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, by cleaving within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-terminated flap. Acts as a genome stabilization factor that prevents flaps from equilibrating into structures that lead to duplications and deletions. Also possesses 5'-3' exonuclease activity on nicked or gapped double-stranded DNA, and exhibits RNase H activity. Also involved in replication and repair of rDNA and in repairing mitochondrial DNA
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More Common Targets
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