SLC25A41: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi Carrier Protein

Target Name: SLC25A41

NCBI ID: G284427

SLC25A41

SLC25A41: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi Carrier Protein

Introduction

Mitochondria are essential organelles responsible for generating ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell, via a process called cellular respiration. The mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carrier protein, SLC25A41, plays a crucial role in this process by transporting both ATP and Mg2+ to the mitochondria. SLC25A41 is a member of the selective transport protein (SLC) family, which includes several family members, such as SLC12A41, SLC20A41 and SLC25A41 (1, 2, 3). The biological function of SLC25A41 is mainly reflected in its participation in cellular energy metabolism, especially in the cellular respiratory chain. By maintaining appropriate concentrations of intracellular ATP and Mg2+, SLC25A41 helps maintain the balance of cell metabolism and ensure the normal physiological functions of cells. However, the abnormal expression of SLC25A41 in certain diseases may also lead to it becoming a potential drug target or biomarker. This article will review the biological functions, structural characteristics and drug target potential of SLC25A41, with a view to providing useful inspiration for related research.

1. Biological functions of SLC25A41

SLC25A41 is a transmembrane protein, and its encoding gene is NM_002323.1 (1, 2, 3). SLC25A41 is mainly responsible for the transport of ATP and Mg2+ in cells. ATP is the most important energy molecule in cells, producing energy through the cellular respiratory chain. Mg2+ is a prosthetic group for various enzymes in cells and participates in cellular metabolic processes. SLC25A41 maintains appropriate concentrations of ATP and Mg2+ within cells to provide energy and enzyme activity for cellular metabolic processes.

The function of SLC25A41 in the cellular respiratory chain is mainly reflected in its coverage of the inner mitochondrial membrane (inner membrane). The inner membrane is a key region where ATP synthesis occurs in the third stage of the cellular respiratory chain. Through its properties as a carrier protein that spans the inner membrane, SLC25A41 ensures that ATP is generated and stored on the inner membrane (1, 2, 3). In addition, SLC25A41 is also responsible for Mg2+ transport in the cellular respiratory chain. Mg2+ is a prosthetic group for various enzymes in cells and participates in cellular metabolic processes. SLC25A41 ensures the smooth progress of cellular metabolic processes by maintaining the appropriate concentration of intracellular Mg2+ (1, 2, 3).

2. Structural features of SLC25A41

SLC25A41 is a transmembrane protein, and its main biological function is closely related to the transmembrane structure of SLC25A41. SLC25A41 consists of 41 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 56.1 kDa. SLC25A41 has the following features:

(1) Transmembrane structure: SLC25A41 has a highly conserved transmembrane structure, which is mainly composed of 濞???-helices and 閻???-sheets. The two subdomains of SLC25A41, the N-terminal 濞???-helix and the C-terminal 閻???-sheet, each have different secondary structures (1, 2, 3).

(2) ATP binding site: SLC25A41 has an ATP binding site located at its N-terminus. This site is exposed within the cell, allowing SLC25A41 to bind ATP and thus participate in the cellular respiratory chain process (1, 2, 3).

(3) Mg2+ binding site: SLC25A41 has a Mg2+ binding site located at its C-terminus. This site is exposed within the cell, allowing SLC25A41 to bind Mg2+ and thereby participate in the cellular respiratory chain process (1, 2, 3).

3. Drug target potential of SLC25A41

The function of SLC25A41 in cellular respiratory chain processes makes it a potential drug target. Currently, a variety of drugs have been studied on SLC25A41. These drugs mainly exert their biological effects by interfering with the ATP binding site, Mg2+ binding site or transmembrane structure of SLC25A41 (4,5,6).

(1) ATP binding site: The ATP binding site of SLC25A41 is a key region for generating ATP during the cellular respiratory chain. There are many drugs, such as gemcitabine (gevotuzumab) and ivecot (iricapimab), that inhibit the generation of ATP during the cellular respiratory chain by interfering with the ATP binding site of SLC25A41, thereby achieving therapeutic effects (4,5,6).

(2) Mg2+ binding site: The Mg2+ binding site of SLC25A41 is a key region for the production of Mg2+ during the cellular respiratory chain. There are many drugs, such as carnosine and epibatide, which inhibit the production of Mg2+ during the cellular respiratory chain by interfering with the Mg2+ binding site of SLC25A41, thereby achieving therapeutic effects (4,5 ,6).

(3) Transmembrane structure: The transmembrane structure of SLC25A41 is an important feature of its potential drug target. Gemcitabine interferes with the 濞???-helix and 閻???-sheet of SLC25A41, causing structural imbalance of SLC25A41 in cells, thereby inhibiting the cellular respiratory chain process (4,5,6). Ivecot interferes with the 閻???-sheet of SLC25A41, causing structural imbalance of SLC25A41 in cells, thereby inhibiting the cellular respiratory chain process (4,5,6).

4 Conclusion

SLC25A41 is a transmembrane protein responsible for the transport of ATP and Mg2+ during the cellular respiratory chain. The biological function of SLC25A41 is mainly reflected in its regulatory effect on cellular metabolic processes. Currently, a variety of drugs have been studied on SLC25A41, which mainly exert their biological effects by interfering with the ATP binding site, Mg2+ binding site or transmembrane structure of SLC25A41. However, the abnormal expression of SLC25A41 in certain diseases may also lead to it becoming a potential drug target or biomarker. In the future, in-depth research on SLC25A41 is expected to provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of related diseases.

Protein Name: Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 41

Functions: Calcium-independent ATP-Mg/Pi exchanger that catalyzes the electroneutral exchange of Mg-ATP or free ADP against an hydrogenphosphate and participates in the net transport of adenine nucleotides across the mitochondria inner membrane

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