SLC31A1: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Copper Transport 1 Homolog

Target Name: SLC31A1

NCBI ID: G1317

SLC31A1

SLC31A1: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Copper Transport 1 Homolog

Introduction

SLC31A1 (sulfate transporter 1 family) is a gene that encodes a protein known as copper transport 1 homolog (CuT1). The primary function of CuT1 is to facilitate the transport of copper ions in and out of cells, which is essential for various cellular processes, including energy production, signaling, and antioxidant defense. The transport process of copper ions in living organisms is very complex and involves the participation of multiple proteins. CuT1 is an important component of this process, transporting copper ions within the cell through its specific three-dimensional structure. The protein encoded by the SLC31A1 gene can be studied as a potential drug target or biomarker.

Function of SLC31A1 gene

The protein encoded by the SLC31A1 gene, CuT1, belongs to the sulfate transporter family. This family includes three genes: SLC31A1, SLC31A2 and SLC31A3. The proteins encoded by these genes assist in the transport of copper ions within cells in different ways. The protein encoded by the SLC31A1 gene is mainly responsible for the active transport of copper ions within cells.

Transport of copper ions within cells

Copper ions have various biological functions within cells. It is involved in energy metabolic processes within cells, such as cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Copper ions are also involved in cell signal transduction, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Copper ions also have antioxidant effects, capable of scavenging free radicals in cells and protecting cells from oxidative stress damage.

Copper ion transport mechanism

Copper ions are transported within cells by a variety of proteins. The most important transport mechanism is active transport through ATPase activity. In cells, ATPase catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP molecules to release energy. This energy is used to drive the transport process of copper ions. In addition, some proteins can transport copper ions from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration by assisted diffusion and/or simple diffusion.

The role of SLC31A1

The protein encoded by the SLC31A1 gene, CuT1, plays an important role in copper ion transport. Studies have shown that CuT1 can promote the transport process of copper ions in cells. When the intracellular concentration of copper ions is high, CuT1 reduces the intracellular copper ion concentration through its specific interaction. On the contrary, when the intracellular copper ion concentration is low, CuT1 promotes the transport process of copper ions through its affinity with copper ions.

drug target or biomarker

The protein encoded by the SLC31A1 gene, CuT1, is a potential drug target. Since CuT1 plays an important role in copper ion transport, the development of anti-CuT1 drugs may have potential application value in the treatment of various diseases. For example, anti-CuT1 drugs can be used to treat copper ion-related diseases, such as liver disease, kidney disease, and neurological disease.

SLC31A1 can also be studied as a biomarker. Since the protein encoded by the SLC31A1 gene plays an important role in copper ion transport, the activity of copper ion transport can be evaluated by detecting the expression level of the SLC31A1 gene. In addition, by studying the variation of the SLC31A1 gene, we can reveal the gene regulatory mechanism related to copper ion transport and provide new ideas for the treatment of related diseases.

in conclusion

The protein encoded by the SLC31A1 gene, CuT1, plays an important role in copper ion transport. By studying the function and mechanism of SLC31A1 gene, we can reveal the biological principles of copper ion transport within cells and provide new targets and biomarkers for the development of anti-copper ion-related diseases.

Protein Name: Solute Carrier Family 31 Member 1

Functions: Uniporter that mediates the transport of copper(1+) from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm, across the plasma membrane (PubMed:11734551, PubMed:16135512, PubMed:17525160, PubMed:19740744, PubMed:20451502, PubMed:20569931, PubMed:23658018) and delivers directly copper(1+) to specific chaperone such as ATOX1, via a copper(1+)- mediated transient interaction between the C-terminal domain and a copper(1+) chaperone, thus controlling intracellular copper(1+) levels (PubMed:26745413, PubMed:11734551, PubMed:17525160, PubMed:20451502, PubMed:19740744, PubMed:16135512, PubMed:23658018, PubMed:20569931). May function in copper(1+) import from the apical membrane thus may drive intestinal copper absorption (By similarity). The copper(1+) transport mechanism is sodium-independent, saturable and of high-affinity (PubMed:11734551). Also mediates the uptake of silver(1+) (PubMed:20569931). May function in the influx of the platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agents (PubMed:20451502, PubMed:20569931). The platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agents uptake is saturable (By similarity). In vitro, mediates the transport of cadmium(2+) into cells (PubMed:33294387). Also participates in the first step of copper(2+) acquisition by cells through a direct transfer of copper(2+) from copper(2+) carriers in blood, such as ALB to the N-terminal domain of SLC31A1, leading to copper(2+) reduction and probably followed by copper(1+) stabilization (PubMed:30489586). In addition, functions as a redox sensor to promote angiogenesis in endothelial cells, in a copper(1+) transport independent manner, by transmitting the VEGF-induced ROS signal through a sulfenylation at Cys-189 leadin g to a subsequent disulfide bond formation between SLC31A1 and KDR (PubMed:35027734). The SLC31A1-KDR complex is then co-internalized to early endosomes, driving a sustained VEGFR2 signaling (PubMed:35027734)

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•   general information;
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•   expression level;
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