POLR3B: A Potential Drug Target for Cancer (G55703)

Target Name: POLR3B

NCBI ID: G55703

POLR3B

POLR3B: A Potential Drug Target for Cancer

POLR3B, or polymerase (RNA) III subunit B, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the process of transcription in the human body. It is a key enzyme in the RNA polymerase III complex, which is responsible for creating double-stranded RNA from single-stranded DNA. Mutations in the POLR3B gene have been linked to a number of diseases, including cancer, and it is Therefore, it is a potential drug target or biomarker.

POLR3B is a 21-kDa protein that is expressed in most tissues of the body. It is highly conserved, with only a minor difference in its amino acid sequence between the human and chimpanzee species. It has four known functions in the cell:

1. It is the catalytic subunit of the RNA polymerase III complex.
2. It is involved in the initiation of DNA replication in the cell.
3. It is involved in the regulation of gene expression by controlling access to transcription factors.
4. It is involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression.

The RNA polymerase III complex is a protein complex that consists of several subunits, including the polymerase subunit B, which is the catalytic subunit of the complex. The polymerase subunit B is a 21-kDa protein that contains a catalytic domain and a nucleotide-binding domain. The catalytic domain is responsible for the catalytic activity of the polymerase, while the nucleotide-binding domain is responsible for binding to the template DNA.

POLR3B is a key enzyme in the RNA polymerase III complex, as it catalyzes the transfer of a nucleotide from the RNA polymerase III complex to the active site on the template DNA. This transfer of nucleotides is the first step in the process of transcription, and it is critical for the production of double-stranded RNA from single-stranded DNA.

POLR3B is also involved in the regulation of gene expression by controlling access to transcription factors. It does this by interacting with the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor, which allows it to access the regulatory domain of the transcription factor and regulate its activity. This interaction between POLR3B and transcription factors is critical for the regulation of gene expression and is a potential drug target.

Mutations in the POLR3B gene have been linked to a number of diseases, including cancer. For example, studies have shown that mutations in the POLR3B gene are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Additionally, Polr3b rs180gatt and rs180gatt have been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. These findings suggest that POLR3B may be a useful biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

In addition to its role in transcription and cancer risk, POLR3B is also involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression. It does this by interacting with the centromere region of the chromosome, which is the region that connects the chromosome to the spindle. This interaction between POLR3B and the centromere region allows it to regulate the movement of chromosomes during the cell cycle.

In conclusion, POLR3B is a protein that plays a crucial role in the process of transcription and regulation of gene expression. Its role in the RNA polymerase III complex and its involvement in the regulation of access to transcription factors, DNA replication, gene expression, and cell cycle progression make it a potential drug target or biomarker. Its link to cancer risk also makes it an attractive target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of POLR3B in the regulation of gene expression and the development of cancer.

Protein Name: RNA Polymerase III Subunit B

Functions: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Second largest core component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs. Proposed to contribute to the polymerase catalytic activity and forms the polymerase active center together with the largest subunit. Pol III is composed of mobile elements and RPC2 is part of the core element with the central large cleft and probably a clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft (By similarity). Plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. Acts as nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. Can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF- Kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway

The "POLR3B Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about POLR3B comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
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•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
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•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
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•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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