ALCAM: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for CD166 Antigen

Target Name: ALCAM

NCBI ID: G214

ALCAM

ALCAM: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for CD166 Antigen

CD166 antigen, also known as isoform 2, is a cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed in various tissues, including the skin, hair, nails, and gastrointestinal tract. It is a member of the integrin alpha-6 subfamily and has been implicated in various cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. The potential utility of CD166 antigen as a drug target or biomarker has led to a growing interest in the study of its functions and interactions in human disease.

CD166 Antigen as a Drug Target

CD166 antigen has been identified as a potential drug target due to its critical role in several cellular processes that are associated with cancer progression. One of the major functions of CD166 antigen is its role in cell adhesion and migration. CD166 antigen is a component of the cadherin complex, which is a transmembrane protein that plays a central role in cell-cell adhesion. Studies have shown that CD166 antigen is expressed at higher levels in cancer cells compared to normal cells, and that it is associated with the development and progression of various types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers.

In addition to its role in cell adhesion and migration, CD166 antigen has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression. CD166 antigen has been shown to interact with the protein tyrosinase PDGFR, which is a critical regulator of the G1/S transition in the cell cycle. This interaction between CD166 antigen and PDGFR has implications for the regulation of cell cycle progression and the potential for CD166 antigen as a drug target.

CD166 Antigen as a Biomarker

CD166 antigen has also been identified as a potential biomarker for several types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. This is because its expression is often reduced or absent in cancer cells compared to normal cells, and that it can be used as a target for diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions.

One of the major advantages of CD166 antigen as a biomarker is its stability and persistence in the body. Unlike many other biomarkers, CD166 antigen is not cleared from the body quickly and can be used as a long-term identifier for cancer. This is important because it allows for the long-term monitoring of disease progression and the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.

CD166 Antigen as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention

CD166 antigen has also been shown to be a potential therapeutic intervention for several types of cancer. For example, studies have shown that inhibiting the activity of CD166 antigen using small interfering RNA (siRNA) can significantly reduce the growth of cancer cells in cell culture and animal models. In addition, several anti-CD166 antigen drugs have been shown to be effective in treating various types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers.

Conclusion

CD166 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed in various tissues and is involved in several cellular processes that are associated with cancer progression. Its potential as a drug target or biomarker has led to a growing interest in its functions and interactions in human disease. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of CD166 antigen in cancer progression and the potential for its use as a therapeutic intervention.

Protein Name: Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule

Functions: Cell adhesion molecule that mediates both heterotypic cell-cell contacts via its interaction with CD6, as well as homotypic cell-cell contacts (PubMed:7760007, PubMed:15496415, PubMed:15048703, PubMed:16352806, PubMed:23169771, PubMed:24945728). Promotes T-cell activation and proliferation via its interactions with CD6 (PubMed:15048703, PubMed:16352806, PubMed:24945728). Contributes to the formation and maturation of the immunological synapse via its interactions with CD6 (PubMed:15294938, PubMed:16352806). Mediates homotypic interactions with cells that express ALCAM (PubMed:15496415, PubMed:16352806). Acts as a ligand for the LILRB4 receptor, enhancing LILRB4-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation (PubMed:29263213). Required for normal hematopoietic stem cell engraftment in the bone marrow (PubMed:24740813). Mediates attachment of dendritic cells onto endothelial cells via homotypic interaction (PubMed:23169771). Inhibits endothelial cell migration and promotes endothelial tube formation via homotypic interactions (PubMed:15496415, PubMed:23169771). Required for normal organization of the lymph vessel network. Required for normal hematopoietic stem cell engraftment in the bone marrow. Plays a role in hematopoiesis; required for normal numbers of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow. Promotes in vitro osteoblast proliferation and differentiation (By similarity). Promotes neurite extension, axon growth and axon guidance; axons grow preferentially on surfaces that contain ALCAM. Mediates outgrowth and pathfinding for retinal ganglion cell axons (By similarity)

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