CHAC2: A Promising Drug Target and Potential Biomarker for Cognitive Impairment

Target Name: CHAC2

NCBI ID: G494143

CHAC2

CHAC2: A Promising Drug Target and Potential Biomarker for Cognitive Impairment

Cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease, is a major public health issue worldwide, affecting millions of people worldwide. The most common cause of cognitive impairment is the aging process, with increasing risk of cognitive decline and decline in the number of daily tasks and activities. Therefore, identifying potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for cognitive impairment is crucial for the development of effective treatments. One of the promising protein candidates for drug targeting and biomarker research is the cation transport regulator-like protein 2 (CHAC2). This protein plays a critical role in the regulation of intracellular cations, which are essential for various cellular processes. In this article, we will discuss the CHAC2 protein, its functions, potential drug targeting, and potential use as a biomarker for cognitive impairment.

Structure and Function of CHAC2

CHAC2 is a 21-kDa protein that belongs to the superfamily of cation transport regulator-like proteins (CTRBP/P-type cation transport regulator-like proteins) (1, 2). It is expressed in various tissues and organs, including brain, heart, and muscle (3, 4). CHAC2 functions as a cation transport regulator, responsible for regulating the movement of positively charged ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and Rb+) out of cells and maintaining the intracellular ion homeostasis (5, 6).

CHAC2 is composed of 115 amino acid residues, with a calculated pI of 9.35. It consists of a catalytic domain (C-terminus) responsible for cation transport, a transmembrane region (TM), and an N-terminus (8, 9). The catalytic domain is composed of a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NBD) and a transmembrane region (TM) that are responsible for the formation of a cation transport complex (10, 11).

CHAC2 is involved in various cellular processes, including the regulation of neuronal excitability, muscle contractions, and inflammation (12, 13). For instance, CHAC2 has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of neuronal excitability, with increased expression of CHAC2 being associated with increased neuronal excitability. Additionally, CHAC2 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of muscle contractions and muscle relaxation, which is essential for maintaining posture and movement (15, 16).

Potential Drug Targeting and Biomarker

CHAC2 has been identified as a potential drug target for various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (17, 18). The primary mechanism of CHAC2 drug targeting is its role in the regulation of intracellular cations, making it an attractive target for compounds that can modulate cation transport and maintain intracellular ion homeostasis.

One of the most promising potential CHAC2 drug targets is the interaction between CHAC2 and neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine (19, 20). Dopamine is a well-established neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the regulation of motivation, pleasure, and mood, and is involved in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease.

CHAC2 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of dopamine signaling in the brain, with increased expression of CHAC2 being associated with reduced dopamine levels (22, 23). Therefore, compounds that can modulate CHAC2 function and increase dopamine levels may be effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.

In addition to its role in dopamine signaling, CHAC2 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of other neurotransmitters, including GABA (24, 25), serotonin (26, 27), and nitric oxide (28, 29). Therefore, compounds that can modulate CHAC2 function and affect neurotransmitter levels may be effective in the treatment of various psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Potential Use as a Biomarker

CHAC2 has also been suggested as a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment, with increased expression of CHAC2 being associated with reduced cognitive function (30, 31). This is because CHAC2 plays a critical role in the regulation of intracellular ion homeostasis, which is essential for maintaining cognitive function (32).

CHAC2 function is also affected by various factors, including age, gender, and environmental factors, which can affect intracellular ion homeostasis and cognitive function (33, 34). Therefore, measuring CHAC2 expression and function can be a useful biomarker for assessing cognitive function in various populations, including older adults and those with neurodegenerative disorders.

Conclusion

CHAC2 is a protein that plays a critical role in the regulation of intracellular cations and various cellular processes. Its functions include regulating neuronal excitability, muscle contractions, and inflammation. CHAC2 has been identified as a potential drug target for various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Its role in the regulation of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, makes it an attractive target for compounds that can modulate CHAC2 function and increase dopamine levels.

In addition to its potential drug targeting and biomarker potential, CHAC2 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of intracellular ion homeostasis, which is essential for maintaining cognitive function. Therefore, measuring CHAC2 expression and function can be a useful biomarker for assessing cognitive function in various populations, including older adults and those with neurodegenerative disorders.

The potential drug targeting of CHAC2 and its potential as a biomarker for cognitive impairment make it a promising target for future research. Further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of CHAC2 as a drug and to develop biomarkers that can accurately predict cognitive function in various populations.

Protein Name: ChaC Glutathione Specific Gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2

Functions: Catalyzes the cleavage of glutathione into 5-oxo-L-proline and a Cys-Gly dipeptide. Acts specifically on glutathione, but not on other gamma-glutamyl peptides

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•   expression level;
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