TMEM25: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Membrane Transport and Trafficking

Target Name: TMEM25

NCBI ID: G84866

TMEM25

TMEM25: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Membrane Transport and Trafficking

Introduction

Membrane transport and trafficking are essential processes in various biological processes, including intracellular signaling, drug delivery, and pathogenesis. The transmembrane protein (TMEM) family plays a crucial role in these processes, as they span the cell membrane and help maintain the structural integrity of the membrane.TMEM25, a member of the TMEM family, has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker due to its unique structure and function.

Structure and Function

TMEM25 is a 21-kDa protein that consists of an N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a transmembrane region, and an C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The transmembrane region is characterized by a single transmembrane domain that contains four conserved primary structural units: a N -terminal alpha-helix, a central beta-sheet, a N-terminal proline, and a C-terminalGln-Asn-Glu-Leu-Gln (GALN) domain.

The TMEM25 transmembrane domain has been shown to have unique features that distinguish it from other TMEM proteins. Firstly, it has a highly conserved N-terminal cytoplasmic domain that is rich in putative transmembrane interactors, such as the N-terminal portion of the N- terminal cytoplasmic domain. This feature may enable the protein to interact with other molecules in the cytoplasm and contribute to its role in intracellular signaling.

Secondly, TMEM25 has a unique central beta-sheet that is composed of two parallel beta-strands and a connecting loop. This structural feature has been reported to be distinct from other TMEM proteins and may contribute to its unique function. The parallel beta-strands in the central 尾-sheet provide a structural stability that is essential for the protein's stability and functions, such as its role in regulating neurotransmitter release.

Thirdly, TMEM25 has a unique N-terminal proline that is involved in the formation of a hydrophobic domain. This feature may contribute to the protein's stability in the cytoplasm and its ability to interact with other molecules.

Finally, TMEM25 has a unique C-terminal GALN-Asn-Glu-Leu-Gln (GALN) domain that is involved in the formation of a hydrophilic domain. This feature may contribute to the protein's stability in the cytoplasm and its ability to interact with other molecules.

Despite its unique features, TMEM25 is a member of the TMEM family, which is known for the cytoplasmic retention of its transmembrane domains due to the presence of a N-terminal cytoplasmic domain. This feature may contribute to the protein's stability in the cytoplasm and its ability to interact with other molecules.

TMEM25 Expression and Localization

TMEM25 is a widely expressed protein, with a highest expression level in the brain. It is also expressed in other tissues, including the heart, pancreas, and liver. The protein is predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER ) and is considered as a cytoplasmic protein.

TMEM25 localization to the ER is consistent with its function as a protein involved in intracellular signaling. The N-terminal cytoplasmic domain is known to interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and may contribute to the protein's localization to this organ. Additionally , the C-terminal GALN-Asn-Glu-Leu-Gln (GALN) domain is involved in the formation of a hydrophilic domain, which may contribute to the protein's stability in the ER.

TMEM25 has also been shown to localize to the

Protein Name: Transmembrane Protein 25

Functions: In neurons, modulates the degradation of NMDA receptor GRIN2B subunit. Plays a role in the regulation of neuronal excitability

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