IRGM: A Potential Drug Target for Immune-Related Disorders (G345611)

Target Name: IRGM

NCBI ID: G345611

IRGM

IRGM: A Potential Drug Target for Immune-Related Disorders

Immunity-related GTPase (IRGM) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune response. It is a member of the GTPase family 1 (GAPC) and is responsible for regulating the intracellular signaling cascade known as the downstream signaling cascade. IRGM is highly expressed in various tissues and cells, including immune cells, and is involved in the regulation of downstream signaling cascades that are critical for immune responses.

Despite its importance in the immune response, IRGM is not well understood, and its potential as a drug target or biomarker is not widely recognized. In this article, we will explore the role of IRGM in the immune response and its potential as a drug target.

Function and Mechanism

IRGM is a 21-kDa protein that is expressed in various tissues and cells, including immune cells such as dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. It is a member of the GTPase family 1 (GAPC) and is involved in the regulation of downstream signaling cascades that are critical for immune responses.

IRGM functions as a GTPase by regulating the activity of other GAPCs. Specifically, it functions as a positive regulator of the activity of the protein Pyh, which is a GAPC involved in the regulation of the downstream signaling cascade known as the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway. IRGM and Pyh can form a complex, and IRGM can activate Pyh by promoting its GDP-bound state.

IRGM is also involved in the regulation of the downstream signaling cascade known as the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. BCR is a protein that is involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and survival. IRGM can regulate the activity of the protein Scl/TAL1, which is a transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of BCR signaling pathway.

IRGM has also been shown to play a role in the regulation of the downstream signaling cascade known as the immune response. IRGM can regulate the activity of the protein Myd8, which is involved in the regulation of the downstream signaling cascade known as the MyD8R1 signaling pathway. MyD8R1 is a protein that is involved in the regulation of inflammation, and IRGM can regulate its activity by promoting its GDP-bound state.

Potential as a Drug Target

IRGM is a protein that is involved in the regulation of downstream signaling cascades that are critical for immune responses. As a result, IRGM may be a promising drug target for the treatment of various immune-related disorders.

One potential mechanism by which IRGM could be targeted as a drug is by inhibiting its activity as a GTPase. IRGM is a positive regulator of the activity of Pyh, and inhibitors of Pyh could be used to reduce the activity of IRGM and regulate the downstream signaling cascades that are critical for immune responses.

Another potential mechanism by which IRGM could be targeted as a drug is by modulating its expression levels. IRGM is highly expressed in various tissues and cells, including immune cells, and modulators of IRGM expression levels could be used to regulate its levels and improve the immune response.

Conclusion

IRGM is a protein that is involved in the regulation of downstream signaling cascades that are critical for immune responses. Despite its importance in the immune response, IRGM is not well understood, and its potential as a drug target or biomarker is not widely recognized. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of IRGM in the immune response and its potential as a drug.

Protein Name: Immunity Related GTPase M

Functions: Immunity-related GTPase that plays important roles in innate immunity and inflammatory response (PubMed:16888103, PubMed:19165925, PubMed:25891078). Acts as a dynamin-like protein that binds to intracellular membranes and promotes remodeling and trafficking of those membranes (By similarity). Required for clearance of acute protozoan and bacterial infections by interacting with autophagy and lysosome regulatory proteins, thereby promoting the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes for efficient degradation of cargo including microbes (PubMed:16888103, PubMed:25891078, PubMed:29420192, PubMed:32939830). Regulates selective autophagy, including xenophagy and mitophagy, both directly and indirectly (PubMed:16888103, PubMed:25891078, PubMed:29420192, PubMed:32939830). Directly regulates autophagy by acting as a molecular adapter that promotes the coassembly of the core autophagy machinery to mediate antimicrobial defense: IRGM (1) activates AMPK, which in turn phosphorylates ULK1 and BECN1 to induce autophagy, (2) promotes the coassembly of ULK1 and BECN1, enhancing BECN1-interacting partners and (3) influences the composition of the BECN1 complex, by competing with the negative regulators BCL2 and RUBCN, to trigger autophagy (PubMed:25891078). Also activates autophagy by promoting recruitment of STX17 to autophagosomes (PubMed:29420192). In collaboration with ATG8 proteins, regulate lysosomal biogenesis, a fundamental process for any autophagic pathway, by promoting TFEB dephosphorylation (PubMed:32753672). Also modulates autophagy by assisting with autophagosome formation and preventing lysosomal deacidification (By similarity). While activating autophagy, acts as a key negative regulator of the inflammatory and interferon responses both by (1) promoting mitophagy and (2) mediating autophagy-dependent degradation of effectors of the inflammatory response (PubMed:30612879, PubMed:32715615, PubMed:36221902). Promotes degradation of damaged and IFNG/IFN-gamma-stressed mitochondria via mitophagy, preventing cytosolic release of ligands that activate inflammation (PubMed:32715615). Acts as a suppressor of inflammation by promoting recruitment of inflammation effectors, such as CGAS, RIGI/RIG-I and NLRP3, to autophagosome membranes, leading to their SQSTM1/p62-dependent autophagic degradation (PubMed:30612879, PubMed:32715615). Also directly inhibits assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome by preventing the association between NLRP3 and PYCARD (PubMed:30612879). Acts as a negative regulator of antiviral innate immune response by suppressing the RIPK2-dependent pro-inflammatory response: mediates recruitment of RIPosomes, composed of RIPK2 and NOD1 or NOD2, to autophagosome membranes, promoting their SQSTM1/p62-dependent autophagic degradation (PubMed:34467632, PubMed:36221902)

The "IRGM Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about IRGM comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

More Common Targets