PeriProtective Role of Circadian Clock Protein PERIOD 1 in Sleep-Wake Cycle

Target Name: PER1

NCBI ID: G5187

PER1

PeriProtective Role of Circadian Clock Protein PERIOD 1 in Sleep-Wake Cycle

PeriProtective Role of Circadian Clock Protein PERIOD 1 in Sleep-Wake Cycle: Implications for Sleep Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract:
Sleep-wake cycle is a fundamental aspect of living beings, and it is tightly regulated by various biological clock (biological clock) proteins.PeriProtective Role of Circadian Clock Protein PERIOD 1 in Sleep-Wake Cycle: Implications for Sleep Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases.The PERIOD 1 protein, a key component of the circadian clock, helps ensure the synchronization of the sleep-wake cycle in the body.In recent years, the study of PERIOD 1 has gained significant interest due to its potential as a drug target or biomarker for various sleep disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. This article aims hereafter to discuss the current understanding of PERIOD 1 and its role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, as well as its potential implications as a therapeutic target or biomarker.

Introduction:
The circadian clock plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in the body, including the sleep-wake cycle.Periodically, the clock generates a series of light-dark cues to synchronize the expression of clock genes and the activity of clock-controlled genes .In non-mammalian organisms, the circadian clock is typically driven by a protein called PERIOD 1.

PeriProtective Role of Circadian Clock Protein PERIOD 1 in Sleep-Wake Cycle:
PERIOD 1 is a key component of the circadian clock and is expressed in the hypothalamus, the central command center of the brain that regulates the circadian clock. It helps to ensure the synchronization of the sleep-wake cycle by regulating the expression of clock genes and the activity of clock-controlled genes.Studies have shown that PERIOD 1 plays a critical role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and that its dysfunction is associated with various sleep disorders, such as insomnia, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Drug Target or Biomarker Potential:
PERIOD 1 has been identified as a potential drug target for the treatment of various sleep disorders, such as insomnia and obesity.Studies have shown that inhibiting the activity of PERIOD 1 can improve sleep quality in individuals with insomnia and obesity.Furthermore,PERIOD 1 has has also been shown to be a potential biomarker for various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, PERIOD 1 is a critical component of the circadian clock and has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Its dysfunction is associated with various sleep disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of PERIOD 1 in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and its potential as a drug target or biomarker for various sleep disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

Protein Name: Period Circadian Regulator 1

Functions: Transcriptional repressor which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, BMAL1, BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and BMAL1 or BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK|NPAS2-BMAL1|BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress BMAL1 transcription, respectively. Regulates circadian target genes expression at post-transcriptional levels, but may not be required for the repression at transcriptional level. Controls PER2 protein decay. Represses CRY2 preventing its repression on CLOCK/BMAL1 target genes such as FXYD5 and SCNN1A in kidney and PPARA in liver. Besides its involvement in the maintenance of the circadian clock, has an important function in the regulation of several processes. Participates in the repression of glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1/GR-induced transcriptional activity by reducing the association of NR3C1/GR to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) by BMAL1:CLOCK. Plays a role in the modulation of the neuroinflammatory state via the regulation of inflammatory mediators release, such as CCL2 and IL6. In spinal astrocytes, negatively regulates the MAPK14/p38 and MAPK8/JNK MAPK cascades as well as the subsequent activation of NFkappaB. Coordinately regulates the expression of multiple genes that are involved in the regulation of renal sodium reabsorption. Can act as gene expression activator in a gene and tissue specific manner, in kidney enhances WNK1 and SLC12A3 expression in collaboration with CLOCK. Modulates hair follicle cycling. Represses the CLOCK-BMAL1 induced transcription of BHLHE40/DEC1

The "PER1 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about PER1 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

More Common Targets