PGM5: A Key Enzyme in Glucose Metabolism (G5239)

Target Name: PGM5

NCBI ID: G5239

PGM5

PGM5: A Key Enzyme in Glucose Metabolism

Phosphoglucomutase 5 (PGM5) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of glucose in the body. It is a key player in the Glucose Homeostasis (GH) network, which regulates the levels of glucose in the blood to maintain a stable range of 70-100 mg/dL. PGM5 is a protein that is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver, pancreas, and fat cells. It is a potent enzyme that converts phosphoglucomutase 2 (PGM2) to phosphoglucomutase 5 (PGM5) , which is the rate-limiting step in the glycolytic pathway, the primary pathway for glucose metabolism.

PGM5 is a 23-kDa protein that consists of 215 amino acids. It has a catalytic active site that is located at the center of the protein and is responsible for the substrate binding and catalytic activity. The catalytic active site is composed of a unique Rossmann -fold that is characteristic of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to an adjacent amino acid. This fold allows PGM5 to recognize and bind to specific phosphate esters in its substrate, which are involved in the metabolism of glucose.

PGM5 is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver, pancreas, and fat cells. It is highly regulated in the liver, with high levels of PGM5 expression observed in the liver due to its role in glucose metabolism. The pancreas is also known to express PGM5, with lower levels observed in the pancreas compared to the liver. In fat cells, PGM5 is expressed at low levels and is not involved in the metabolism of glucose.

PGM5 is involved in the metabolism of glucose in the body, specifically in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, which is then converted into lactate and carbon dioxide. This process is critical for cellular energy metabolism and is also involved in the production of hormones such as insulin and glucagon. PGM5 is regulated by various enzymes and factors, including insulin, which is known to inhibit the activity of PGM5 by binding to its catalytic active site.

In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, PGM5 is also a potential drug target and biomarker. Researchers are currently exploring the use of PGM5 as a therapeutic target for various diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The ability to target a protein involved in glucose metabolism has significant implications for the treatment of diseases that are caused by disruptions in glucose metabolism, such as diabetes.

Furthermore, the deficiency of PGM5 has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. Since PGM5 is highly expressed in the liver and pancreas, potential strategies for targeting PGM5 include the use of small molecules, antibodies, or genetic modifiers . For example, researchers have used small molecules such as 尾-pyruvate and benzylalanine to inhibit the activity of PGM5 and prevent the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.

Antibodies are proteins that can bind to PGM5 and prevent PGM5 from catalyzing the conversion of PGM2 into PGM5, thereby inhibiting the activity of PGM5. Several antibodies, including antibodies to human insulin and human insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), have been developed to treat diseases such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. In addition, researchers also used genetic engineering technology to modify PGM5 to increase its sensitivity to insulin, thereby improving blood sugar control in diabetic patients.

PGM5 also has potential applications in treating cancer, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. For example, some researchers are exploring PGM5 as a target for anti-tumor drugs to inhibit its catalytic activity and thereby inhibit tumor growth. Additionally, due to the high expression of PGM5 in the liver and pancreas, researchers are exploring the use of gene therapy

Protein Name: Phosphoglucomutase 5

Functions: Component of adherens-type cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions (PubMed:8175905). Has no phosphoglucomutase activity in vitro (PubMed:8175905)

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•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
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•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
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•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
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•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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