PHF2: Key Enzyme in Protein Homeostasis (G5253)

Target Name: PHF2

NCBI ID: G5253

PHF2

PHF2: Key Enzyme in Protein Homeostasis

PHF2 (JHDM1E), also known as prolyl hydroxylase 2, is a protein that is expressed in various tissues throughout the body. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of protein homeostasis, which is the process by which cells maintain the proper balance of proteins in their cytoplasm. Prolyl hydroxylase 2 is a key enzyme in this process, and it is involved in the hydroxylation of prolyl residues on proteins.

The hydroxylation of prolyl residues is a critical step in the regulation of protein function. Prolyl residues are highly reactive, and they can undergo various modifications that affect their stability and interactions with other molecules. The most well-known of these modifications is the addition of a prolyl group, which can form a covalent bond with other molecules such as DNA or RNA.

Prolyl hydroxylase 2 is involved in the first step of this modification process, which is the hydroxylation of the prolyl residue. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme ATP-prolyl hydroxylase (APH), which is a protein that is also expressed in various tissues throughout the body. The APH enzyme uses ATP as a source of energy to hydroxylate the prolyl residue.

PHF2 is a 21-kDa protein that is expressed in various tissues, including muscle, heart, and brain. It is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is the system for the transport of proteins from the cytoplasm to the ER. The ER is a specialized organelle that is responsible for the final processing and quality control of proteins before they are transported to their final destinations.

PHF2 is involved in many different cellular processes, including cell signaling, DNA replication, and protein homeostasis. One of its well-known functions is its role in the regulation of the myosin ATPase, which is a protein that is involved in muscle contraction and relaxation. The myosin ATPase is a key regulator of muscle function, and it is activated by the presence of calcium ions.

PHF2 is also involved in the regulation of DNA replication. DNA replication is a critical process that is essential for the growth and development of all living organisms. It is during DNA replication that PHF2 is able to hydroxylate the DNA double helix, which is a critical step in the replication process.

In addition to its role in cellular signaling and DNA replication, PHF2 is also involved in the regulation of protein homeostasis. As mentioned earlier, PHF2 is involved in the hydroxylation of prolyl residues, which is a critical step in the regulation of protein stability and interactions.

PHF2 is a protein that is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, and it plays a crucial role in the regulation of protein homeostasis. Its role in the regulation of cell signaling, DNA replication, and protein homeostasis makes it an attractive target for drug development. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of PHF2's role in these processes and to develop effective therapies.

Protein Name: PHD Finger Protein 2

Functions: Lysine demethylase that demethylates both histones and non-histone proteins (PubMed:20129925, PubMed:21167174, PubMed:21532585). Enzymatically inactive by itself, and becomes active following phosphorylation by PKA: forms a complex with ARID5B and mediates demethylation of methylated ARID5B (PubMed:21532585). Demethylation of ARID5B leads to target the PHF2-ARID5B complex to target promoters, where PHF2 mediates demethylation of dimethylated 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me2), followed by transcription activation of target genes (PubMed:21532585). The PHF2-ARID5B complex acts as a coactivator of HNF4A in liver. PHF2 is recruited to trimethylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3) at rDNA promoters and promotes expression of rDNA (PubMed:21532585). Involved in the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-target inflammatory genes in macrophages by catalyzing the demethylation of trimethylated histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me3) at the gene promoters (By similarity)

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