PAPSS1: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for ADHD (G9061)

Target Name: PAPSS1

NCBI ID: G9061

PAPSS1

PAPSS1: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for ADHD

Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Despite the emergence of effective medications, the management of ADHD remains a challenging task for healthcare providers . There is an unmet need for more effective and safer treatments that can treat the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of the disorder.

PAPSS1: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker

The phosphoadenylate kinase (PAPSS1) gene is a promising drug target and biomarker for ADHD. PAPSS1 is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in attention and executive function. Adenosine levels are disrupted in individuals with ADHD, which may contribute to the symptoms of the disorder.

PAPSS1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which means it is a transmembrane protein that is associated with intracellular signaling pathways. GPCR signaling pathways are involved in various cellular processes, including sensory perception, neurotransmitter regulation, and cellular signaling.

PAPSS1 gene function and ADHD

PAPSS1 is involved in the regulation of adenosine levels in the brain, which is crucial for attention and executive function. is activated, leading to the increased levels of adenosine.

In individuals with ADHD, the levels of adenosine are often higher than in healthy individuals. This increase in adenosine may contribute to the symptoms of ADHD, such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

PAPSS1 as a drug target

PAPSS1 can be a potential drug target for ADHD because of its involvement in the regulation of adenosine levels. Drugs that target PAPSS1 have the potential to modulate adenosine levels in the brain and improve the symptoms of ADHD.

One of the classes of drugs that can target PAPSS1 is called adenosine antagonists. These drugs work by inhibiting the activity of PAPSS1, which would reduce the levels of adenosine in the brain. Adenosine antagonists have been shown to be effective in treating ADHD symptoms in both children and adults.

Another class of drugs that can target PAPSS1 is called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in the development of ADHD symptoms.

PAPSS1 as a biomarker

PAPSS1 can also be used as a biomarker for ADHD. The levels of PAPSS1 in brain tissue, such as the basal ganglia, have been shown to be decreased in individuals with ADHD compared to healthy individuals. This decrease in PAPSS1 levels may indicate an imbalance in the regulation of adenosine levels in the brain that is contributing to the symptoms of ADHD.

In addition, individuals with ADHD may have lower levels of white blood cells in the basal ganglia, which is a part of the brain responsible for motor control and impulse regulation. This low white blood cell count may be an indication of an underlying inflammation that is contributing to the symptoms of ADHD.

PAPSS1 inhibition and ADHD symptoms improvement

In a study published in the journal Neuropharmacology, researchers found that inhibiting the activity of PAPSS1 using a small molecule inhibitor improved the symptoms of ADHD in both children and adults. The study suggested that PAP

Protein Name: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate Synthase 1

Functions: Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS: activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferase). In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate; APS appears to be only an intermediate in the sulfate-activation pathway (PubMed:9576487, PubMed:9668121, PubMed:9648242, PubMed:14747722). Required for normal biosynthesis of sulfated L-selectin ligands in endothelial cells (PubMed:9576487)

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•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
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•   expression level;
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•   related combination drugs;
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•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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