Understanding GPR31: A GPCR Involved in Neuronal Signaling and Disease
Understanding GPR31: A GPCR Involved in Neuronal Signaling and Disease
GPR31 (12-(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid receptor), also known as GPR31R, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is expressed in various tissues and plays an important role in cellular signaling. It is a member of the GPCR family 31, which includes several structurally similar GPCR family members, including GPR25, GPR30, GPR33, GPR35, and GPR37. GPR31 is a 14-carboxylic acid receptor with a unique 12- carbon chain and a distinct N-terminal region.
GPR31 is involved in various physiological processes, including sensory perception, neurotransmission, and hormone signaling. It is highly expressed in the nervous system, with high levels observed in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral tissues. GPR31 is also expressed in the heart, kidneys, and liver, and has been implicated in these organ systems.
GPR31 is a potential drug target due to its unique structure and its involvement in various signaling pathways. One of the main reasons for its potential as a drug target is its high expression level in the nervous system, which makes it an attractive target for drugs that can modulate neurotransmitter signaling. In addition, GPR31 is involved in multiple signaling pathways, including pain perception, anxiety, and depression, which makes it an attractive target for drugs that can modulate these signaling pathways.
GPR31 is also a potential biomarker for various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. The levels of GPR31 have been observed to be decreased in individuals with these disorders, which may suggest that GPR31 may be a potential diagnostic or therapeutic target.
GPR31 has also been shown to play a role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including inflammation and cellular signaling. For example, GPR31 has been shown to regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-浼?, and to modulate the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10.
In conclusion, GPR31 is a GPCR that is involved in various physiological processes and has been implicated in the development of various neurological disorders. Its unique structure and high expression level in the nervous system make it an attractive target for drugs that can modulate neurotransmission and signaling pathways. In addition, GPR31 has also been shown to play a role in the regulation of inflammation and cellular signaling, which may make it a potential biomarker for various neurological disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of GPR31 in these processes and to develop effective treatments.
Protein Name: G Protein-coupled Receptor 31
Functions: High-affinity receptor for 12-(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-S-HETE), with much lower affinities for other HETE isomers (PubMed:21712392, PubMed:29227475). 12-S-HETE is a eicosanoid, a 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) metabolite of arachidonic acid, involved in many physiologic and pathologic processes (PubMed:26965684, PubMed:28619714, PubMed:29227475). 12-S-HETE-binding leads to activation of ERK1/2 (MAPK3/MAPK1), MEK, and NF-kappa-B pathways leading to cell growth (PubMed:21712392, PubMed:29227475). Plays a crucial role for proliferation, survival and macropinocytosis of KRAS-dependent cancer cells by mediating the translocation of KRAS from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane (PM) and its association with the PM (PubMed:28619714). Contributes to enhanced immune responses by inducing dendrite protrusion of small intestinal CX3CR1(+) phagocytes for the uptake of luminal antigens (By similarity). Acts also as a key receptor for 12-(S)-HETE-mediated liver ischemia reperfusion injury (PubMed:29227475)
The "GPR31 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about GPR31 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
• general information;
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• expression level;
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The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai
More Common Targets
GPR32 | GPR33 | GPR34 | GPR35 | GPR37 | GPR37L1 | GPR39 | GPR4 | GPR42 | GPR45 | GPR50 | GPR52 | GPR55 | GPR6 | GPR61 | GPR62 | GPR63 | GPR65 | GPR68 | GPR75 | GPR75-ASB3 | GPR78 | GPR79 | GPR82 | GPR83 | GPR84 | GPR84-AS1 | GPR85 | GPR87 | GPR88 | GPR89A | GPR89B | GPRACR | GPRASP1 | GPRASP2 | GPRASP3 | GPRC5A | GPRC5B | GPRC5C | GPRC5D | GPRC5D-AS1 | GPRC6A | GPRIN1 | GPRIN2 | GPRIN3 | GPS, PLAT and transmembrane domain-containing protein | GPS1 | GPS2 | GPS2P1 | GPSM1 | GPSM2 | GPSM3 | GPT | GPT2 | GPX1 | GPX1P1 | GPX2 | GPX3 | GPX4 | GPX5 | GPX6 | GPX7 | GPX8 | GRAMD1A | GRAMD1B | GRAMD1C | GRAMD2A | GRAMD2B | GRAMD4 | GRAMD4P2 | GRAMD4P5 | GRAMD4P7 | Granzyme | GRAP | GRAP2 | GRAPL | GRAPL-AS1 | GRASLND | GRB10 | GRB14 | GRB2 | GRB7 | GREB1 | GREB1L | GREM1 | GREM1-AS1 | GREM2 | GREP1 | GRHL1 | GRHL2 | GRHL3 | GRHL3-AS1 | GRHPR | GRIA1 | GRIA2 | GRIA3 | GRIA4 | GRID1 | GRID2 | GRID2IP
