GluR-1: A Potential Drug Target and Pain Biomarker (G2890)

Target Name: GRIA1

NCBI ID: G2890

GRIA1

GluR-1: A Potential Drug Target and Pain Biomarker

GluR-1 is a protein that is expressed in various tissues of the human body, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It is a member of the GLUR family of transmembrane proteins, which are characterized by their ability to interact with various signaling molecules, including neurotransmitters and hormones. The function of GluR-1 is not well understood, but it is thought to play a role in the regulation of pain perception and neurotransmission.

Drug Target Potential

GluR-1 has been identified as a potential drug target due to its involvement in pain signaling. Several studies have shown that inhibiting the activity of GluR-1 can effectively alleviate pain in animal models of pain. For example, a study by Bochud et al. (2015) found that inhibiting the activity of GluR-1 using a small molecule inhibitor was effective in reducing pain in rats. Similarly, another study by Wang et al. (2018) demonstrated that inhibiting GluR-1 using a monoclonal antibody was effective in reducing pain in mice.

In addition to its potential as a drug target, GluR-1 has also been shown to be a potential biomarker for pain. The ability of GluR-1 to interact with various signaling molecules, including neurotransmitters and hormones, makes it a promising candidate for use as a pain biomarker. A study by Zheng et al. (2018) found that the activity of GluR-1 was significantly altered in individuals with chronic pain, and that this alteration was associated with increased levels of the neurotransmitter pain-related corticosteroids.

Chemical Characterization

To better understand the chemical characteristics of GluR-1, several studies have analyzed its primary structure and bioactivity. One study by Xu et al. (2018) used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the primary structure of GluR-1 and found that it consisted of a single transmembrane domain with several well- conserved residues, including a putative intracellular signaling loop. Another study by Wang et al. (2019) used a high-throughput screening assay to identify small molecules that were able to inhibit the activity of GluR-1 and found that several compounds were effective in doing so.

Expression and Localization

GluR-1 is expressed in a variety of tissues and cells throughout the body, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It is primarily expressed in the brain, where it is thought to play a role in the regulation of pain perception and neurotransmission. A study by Wang et al. (2020) used RNA interference to reduce the expression of GluR-1 in primary sensory neurons and found that this reduced expression was associated with increased pain sensitivity in the animals.

Conclusion

GluR-1 is a protein that is expressed in various tissues of the human body and is thought to play a role in the regulation of pain perception and neurotransmission. Its potential as a drug target and biomarker makes it an attractive target for further study. Further research is needed to fully understand the chemical and functional characteristics of GluR-1 and its potential role in pain regulation.

Protein Name: Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor AMPA Type Subunit 1

Functions: Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate

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