CYP2D6: Understanding The Role of A Key Enzyme in The Body (G1565)

Target Name: CYP2D6

NCBI ID: G1565

CYP2D6

CYP2D6: Understanding The Role of A Key Enzyme in The Body

CYP2D6 is a gene that encodes for a protein known as the microsomal monooxygenase. This protein is a key enzyme in the synthesis of various compounds, including drugs, toxins, and other substances that can affect the brain and nervous system.

One of the primary functions of CYP2D6 is to metabolize dopamine, which is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in mood, emotion, and motivation. CYP2D6 is responsible for breaking down dopamine into its active form, which is then excreted from the body.

CYP2D6 is a enzyme that is expressed in many different tissues throughout the body, including the brain, heart, liver, and muscles. It is primarily located in the liver, where it is responsible for metabolizing a wide variety of drugs, including many antidepressants and opioids.

CYP2D6 is a drug target, which means that it is a target for drugs that are designed to modulate its activity. For example, many antidepressants work by altering the levels of dopamine in the brain, and CYP2D6 is a key enzyme in this process. By inhibiting the activity of CYP2D6, these drugs can improve the effectiveness of antidepressants and reduce the risk of side effects.

In addition to its role in drug metabolism, CYP2D6 is also a biomarker, which means that it can be used as a indicator of the effectiveness of a drug or the presence of a particular disease. For example, if a patient is taking an antidepressant and their CYP2D6 levels are elevated, it may indicate that the drug is having the desired effect and that the patient is experiencing a benefits. On the other hand, if a patient's CYP2D6 levels are low and their symptoms are not improving, it may indicate that the drug is not having enough effect or that the patient has a different condition.

CYP2D6 is also involved in the metabolism of other drugs and substances, including some cancer medications, toxins, and environmental toxins. It is thought to play a key role in the development of some types of cancer, particularly pancreatic and lung cancer.

Despite its many functions, CYP2D6 is a relatively small protein and is not well understood. There is still much research that is needed to fully understand its role in the body and how it is involved in various diseases.

In conclusion, CYP2D6 is a protein that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of dopamine and other substances in the body. As a drug target and biomarker, it is an important target for researchers and clinicians who are working to develop new treatments for a variety of diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand its role in the body and to develop more effective therapies.

Protein Name: Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily D Member 6

Functions: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, steroids and retinoids (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ethanolamide (20-HETE-EA) and 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:21289075). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the oxidative transformations of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal, a precursor for the active form all-trans-retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants

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