AKR1C1: A Promising Drug Target and Biomarker (G1645)

Target Name: AKR1C1

NCBI ID: G1645

AKR1C1

AKR1C1: A Promising Drug Target and Biomarker

Introduction:
In recent years, the identification of novel drug targets and biomarkers has revolutionized the field of biomedical research. AKR1C1 (Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1) is one such protein that has gained significant attention due to its potential as both a drug target and a biomarker. In this article, we will delve into the various aspects of AKR1C1, exploring its functions, potential therapeutic applications, and its role as a biomarker in different diseases.

What is AKR1C1?
AKR1C1 belongs to the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, which is involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Specifically, AKR1C1 is part of subgroup 1 of the AKR family, which also includes AKR1C2, AKR1C3, and AKR1C4. These proteins exhibit high sequence homology and share similar enzymatic activities.

The Functions of AKR1C1:
AKR1C1 plays a crucial role in the metabolism of steroids and prostaglandins. It acts as a carbonyl reductase, catalyzing the NADPH-dependent conversion of various carbonyl compounds into their corresponding alcohols. In particular, AKR1C1 plays a vital role in the metabolism of several important steroid hormones, such as progesterone, testosterone, and cortisol.

AKR1C1's role in prostaglandin metabolism is equally significant. Prostaglandins are lipid signaling molecules involved in various physiological processes, including inflammation, blood vessel constriction, and smooth muscle contraction. AKR1C1 facilitates the conversion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha), thereby regulating the balance of these two important prostaglandins.

AKR1C1 as a Drug Target:
Given its crucial role in steroid and prostaglandin metabolism, AKR1C1 has emerged as an attractive target for drug development. Inhibition of AKR1C1 activity could potentially be utilized in the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast, prostate, and ovarian cancer. By blocking AKR1C1, the production of active steroids and prostaglandins can be reduced, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and progression.

Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of AKR1C1 inhibition in preclinical cancer models. Small molecule inhibitors targeting AKR1C1 have shown promising results in reducing tumor growth and inducing tumor regression. However, further research is required to optimize the potency and selectivity of these inhibitors, ensuring minimal off-target effects.

AKR1C1 as a Biomarker:
Apart from its potential as a drug target, AKR1C1 has also been explored as a biomarker in various diseases. Biomarkers are measurable indicators that can provide valuable information about the presence, progression, or treatment response of a particular condition.

In breast cancer, AKR1C1 expression has been associated with hormone receptor status, with higher levels observed in hormone receptor-positive tumors. Therefore, AKR1C1 could serve as a predictive biomarker for the response to hormone-based therapies, aiding in the selection of appropriate treatment options.

Moreover, AKR1C1 expression has also been investigated as a prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer. Studies have shown that increased AKR1C1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis and metastatic progression. Consequently, AKR1C1 expression levels can help stratify patients into different risk groups and guide treatment decisions.

In addition to cancer, AKR1C1 has been studied as a potential biomarker in other diseases, including asthma, endometriosis, and metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that AKR1C1 expression may be dysregulated in these conditions, providing opportunities for early diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment strategies.

Conclusion:
AKR1C1, a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, is involved in the metabolism of steroids and prostaglandins. Its role as a drug target and biomarker has garnered considerable interest in the scientific community. Inhibiting AKR1C1 activity shows promise as a therapeutic approach in hormone-dependent cancers, while measuring AKR1C1 expression levels may aid in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection for various diseases. As research continues to unveil its potential, AKR1C1 holds great promise for both drug development and precision medicine.

Protein Name: Aldo-keto Reductase Family 1 Member C1

Functions: Cytosolic aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the NADH and NADPH-dependent reduction of ketosteroids to hydroxysteroids (PubMed:19218247). Most probably acts as a reductase in vivo since the oxidase activity measured in vitro is inhibited by physiological concentrations of NADPH (PubMed:14672942). Displays a broad positional specificity acting on positions 3, 17 and 20 of steroids and regulates the metabolism of hormones like estrogens and androgens (PubMed:10998348). May also reduce conjugated steroids such as 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfate (PubMed:19218247). Displays affinity for bile acids (PubMed:8486699)

The "AKR1C1 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about AKR1C1 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

More Common Targets