IPO4: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker (G79711)

Target Name: IPO4

NCBI ID: G79711

IPO4

IPO4: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker

Introduction

IP4 (inositol 4-phosphate) is a molecule that plays a crucial role in cellular signaling. It is a key player in the intracellular signaling pathway known as the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is involved in various physiological processes in the body, including cell survival, metabolism, and inflammation. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is a highly validated target for drug development, with numerous approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials targeting this pathway. In this article, we discuss IP4 as a potential drug target and biomarker.

The PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is a complex intracellular signaling pathway that involves the interaction between various protein molecules. The pathway starts with the phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PIP5), which is converted to IP4 by the enzyme IP3 kinase . IP3 kinase is a critical enzyme in the pathway, and its activity is regulated by various factors, including protein kinase C (PKC), which is a well-known protein kinase that can activate or inhibit IP3 kinase activity.

The IP3/AKT signaling pathway is involved in various cellular processes, including cell survival, metabolism, and inflammation. It is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The pathway also plays a role in the regulation of cell migration, angiogenesis, and inflammation.

Drugs that Target the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is a highly validated target for drug development, and numerous approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials target this pathway. Some of the most well-known drugs that target the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway include:

1. Bevacizumab: This is an anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody that targets the protein TIM-3, which is a negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Bevacizumab is approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

2. Pembrolizumab: This is an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody that targets the protein PD-L1, which is a negative regulator of the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. Pembrolizumab is approved for the treatment of various malignancies, including epithelial cancer.

3. Eptinezumab: This is an anti-TIM-2 monoclonal antibody that targets the protein TIM-2, which is a negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Eptinezumab is being developed for the treatment of various malignancies.

4. Ubrogepant: This is an oral small molecule that inhibits the activity of the protein IP3 kinase, which is a key enzyme in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Ubrogepant is being developed for the treatment of chronic pain.

Biomarkers for the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

IP4 is a crucial molecule in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and its levels are often used as a biomarker for this pathway. Several studies have shown that IP4 levels are elevated in various diseases, including cancer, and that they can be used as a biomarker for the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway [8, 9].

1. Cancer: Several studies have shown that IP4 levels are elevated in various types of cancer, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer [10, 11]. These studies have also shown that IP4 levels can be used as a biomarker for the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cancer patients, and that they may be useful for the development of targeted therapies.
2. Inflammation: IP4 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of inflammation. Several studies have shown that IP4 levels are elevated in various types of inflammation, including systemic

Protein Name: Importin 4

Functions: Nuclear transport receptor that mediates nuclear import of proteins, such as histones, RPS3A, TNP2 and VDR (PubMed:11823430, PubMed:16207705, PubMed:17682055, PubMed:21454524). Serves as receptor for nuclear localization signals (NLS) in cargo substrates (PubMed:11823430, PubMed:16207705). Is thought to mediate docking of the importin/substrate complex to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) through binding to nucleoporin and the complex is subsequently translocated through the pore by an energy requiring, Ran-dependent mechanism (PubMed:11823430, PubMed:16207705). At the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC, Ran binds to the importin, the importin/substrate complex dissociates and importin is re-exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where GTP hydrolysis releases Ran (PubMed:11823430). The directionality of nuclear import is thought to be conferred by an asymmetric distribution of the GTP- and GDP-bound forms of Ran between the cytoplasm and nucleus (PubMed:11823430). Mediates the nuclear import of the histone H3-H4 dimer when in complex with ASF1 (ASF1A or ASF1B) (PubMed:21454524, PubMed:29408485). Mediates the ligand-independent nuclear import of vitamin D receptor (VDR) (PubMed:16207705). In vitro, mediates the nuclear import of human cytomegalovirus UL84 by recognizing a non-classical NLS (PubMed:12610148)

The "IPO4 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about IPO4 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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