Understanding The Role of CYP2C19 in Drug Metabolism and Pain Perception

Target Name: CYP2C19

NCBI ID: G1557

CYP2C19

Understanding The Role of CYP2C19 in Drug Metabolism and Pain Perception

CYP2C19 is a gene that encodes for a protein known as the monooxygenase (MCO) subunit of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. This enzyme system is responsible for metabolizing a wide variety of drugs, including many statins, benzodiazepines, and opioids.

The CYP2C19 gene has been identified as a potential drug target due to its involvement in the metabolism of several drugs that are known to be potent inhibitors of CYP2C19. For example, the use of opioids can be enhanced by medications that inhibit CYP2C19, such as hydrocodone and fentanyl. Similarly, the use of certain statins can be decreased by drugs that inhibit CYP2C19, such as ezetimibe and rosuvastatin.

In addition to its role in drug metabolism, CYP2C19 has also been shown to play a key role in the regulation of pain perception. This is because it is involved in the production of endocannabinoids, which are naturally occurring compounds that play a critical role in the sensation of pain and inflammation.

The CYP2C19 gene has also been associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular disease and addiction. For example, individuals with certain genetic variations in the CYP2C19 gene are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, and individuals with certain genetic variations in this gene are also more likely to develop addiction.

Despite these promising findings, much more research is needed to fully understand the role of CYP2C19 in drug metabolism and pain perception. This is because the CYP2C19 gene has not yet been fully characterized, and there are many potential challenges in studying it in greater detail. For example, it is not clear how the different genetic variations in the CYP2C19 gene contribute to its role in drug metabolism and pain perception. Additionally, there are concerns that some of the drugs that are currently being used to inhibit CYP2C19 may have unintended consequences, such as increasing the risk of bleeding or addiction.

Despite these challenges, the potential role of CYP2C19 as a drug target and biomarker is an exciting area of research that could have significant implications for the development of new treatments for a variety of diseases.

Protein Name: Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily C Member 19

Functions: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates PUFA specifically at the omega-1 position (PubMed:18577768). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA (PubMed:20972997, PubMed:19965576). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine. Hydroxylates fenbendazole at the 4' position (PubMed:23959307)

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