TMEM175: A Potent Drug Target and Biomarker for Endosomal and Lysosomal Compartments

Target Name: TMEM175

NCBI ID: G84286

TMEM175

TMEM175: A Potent Drug Target and Biomarker for Endosomal and Lysosomal Compartments

Introduction

Endosomal and lysosomal systems are crucial for the proper functioning of intracellular waste management and cell signaling. They help to remove damaged or unnecessary cellular components and maintain the cellular environment for maintaining vital cellular processes. The potassium channel TMEM175 is a key protein that regulates these systems ' functions. its isoform X2 has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker for various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.

TMEM175: Structure and Function

TMEM175 is a member of the transmembrane protein family, which includes various channel proteins that span the membrane of the endosomal and lysosomal systems. These proteins play a crucial role in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, including the transport of neurotransmitters, ions, and solutes across the membrane. TMEM175 is characterized by its unique isoform X2, which has distinct differences in its structure and function compared to the other isoforms.

Isoform X2: A Unique TMEM175 isoform

The isoform X2 of TMEM175 is a unique isoform that is expressed in the endosomal system. It is primarily localized to the endosomal vesicle, where it is involved in the formation and maintenance of the endosomal system. Isoform X2 is responsible for regulating the fusion of vesicles and the release of cargo into the cytosol. It also plays a role in the regulation of the endosomal system's interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum and the cytoskeleton.

Functional Analysis of TMEM175 isoform X2: A Potent Drug Target

The unique function of isoform X2 in TMEM175 suggests that it may be a valuable drug target for various diseases. The isoform X2 is involved in the regulation of endosomal system's functions, including the formation and maintenance of vesicles, which are critical for the delivery of intracellular waste materials and neurotransmitters. isoform X2 functions as a receptor for various signaling molecules, including tyrosine and chemokines.

Furthermore, the isoform X2 is involved in the regulation of the endosomal system's interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum and the cytoskeleton. These interactions are critical for the proper functioning of the endosomal system and may be modulated by various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. isoform X2 may also play a role in the regulation of the cytoskeleton, which is involved in the maintenance of cellular structure and mechanical forces.

Biomarker Potential: TMEM175 isoform X2 as a Potential Drug Target

The unique function of isoform X2 in TMEM175 suggests that it may be a potential drug target for various diseases. isoform X2 is involved in the regulation of endosomal system's functions, including the formation and maintenance of vesicles, which are critical for the delivery of intracellular waste materials and neurotransmitters. The isoform is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal system's interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum and the cytoskeleton. These interactions may be modulated by various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.

Isoform X2 may also play a role in the regulation of the cytoskeleton, which is involved in the maintenance of cellular structure and mechanical forces. These interactions may be

Protein Name: Transmembrane Protein 175

Functions: Proton-activated proton channel that catalyzes proton efflux from endosomes and lysosomes to maintain a steady-state pH (PubMed:35750034, PubMed:35333573). Activated at low pH (under pH 4.6) by luminal side protons: selectively mediates lysosomal proton release from lysosomes, eliciting a proton leak that balances V-ATPase activity to maintain pH homeostasis (PubMed:35750034). Regulation of lumenal pH stability is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion (PubMed:26317472, PubMed:32267231). May also act as a potassium channel at higher pH, regulating potassium conductance in endosomes and lysosomes (PubMed:26317472, PubMed:28723891, PubMed:32228865, PubMed:32267231, PubMed:33505021). The potassium channel activity is however unclear as it was tested in non-physiological conditions for a lysosomal channel (PubMed:35750034). Constitutes the pore-forming subunit of the lysoK(GF) complex, a complex activated by extracellular growth factors (PubMed:33505021). The lysoK(GF) complex is composed of TMEM175 and AKT (AKT1, AKT2 or AKT3), a major target of growth factor receptors: in the complex, TMEM175 channel is opened by conformational changes by AKT, leading to its activation (PubMed:33505021). The lysoK(GF) complex is required to protect neurons against stress-induced damage (PubMed:33505021)

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•   general information;
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•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
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•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
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•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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