GTF2B: A Non-Coding RNA Molecule Regulating Gene Expression (G2959)

Target Name: GTF2B

NCBI ID: G2959

GTF2B

GTF2B: A Non-Coding RNA Molecule Regulating Gene Expression

Gene expression is the process by which the instructions in a gene's DNA are converted into the actual proteins that the cell needs to function. This process is regulated by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, and it is essential for the development, growth, and survival of all living organisms. One of the key factors that contribute to this regulation is the protein known as GTF2B (General Transcription Factor IIB). GTF2B is a non-coding RNA molecule that plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression, and it is the focus of many research efforts aimed at understanding its function and potential as a drug target.

History of GTF2B Research

The study of GTF2B began in the early 1990s, when researchers identified it as a potent transcriptional regulator in the T cells of mice. Since then, numerous studies have confirmed its role in the regulation of gene expression in a wide range of organisms, including humans.

One of the key features of GTF2B is its ability to interact with a wide variety of transcription factors, including activators such as RNA polymerase II (RPNII) and transcription factors such as T-cell factor (TCF) and NF-kappa-B. This interaction allows GTF2B to regulate the activity of these factors, and in turn, the expression of genes that are targeted by these factors.

GTF2B's Role in Cellular Differentiation

One of the key functions of GTF2B is its role in cellular differentiation. During development, GTF2B plays a critical role in the regulation of the expression of genes that are involved in cell-specific features, such as cell adhesion, migration, and the formation of tissues. For example, GTF2B has been shown to play a role in the regulation of tight junction formation in epithelial cells, which is important for the proper functioning of body surfaces and organs.

GTF2B's Role in Cancer

The role of GTF2B in cancer is an area of 鈥嬧?媋ctive research, and several studies have identified its potential as a drug target. GTF2B has been shown to play a role in the regulation of gene expression in a variety of cancer types, including breast, lung , and colon cancer. For example, studies have shown that GTF2B can be inhibited by small molecules such as taxanes, which can lead to increased gene expression and the development of cancer.

GTF2B's Interaction with Other Proteins

GTF2B is not a single protein, but rather a complex of multiple proteins that work together to regulate gene expression. One of the key proteins that it interacts with is the transcription factor E2F1, which is a key regulator of transcription factor-mediated gene expression. E2F1 and GTF2B can interact with each other to recruit E2F1 to the RNA polymerase II (RPNII) complex, which is responsible for transcription of GTF2B-regulated genes.

Another protein that GTF2B interacts with is the protein p16INK4a. This protein, which is a negative regulator of the DNA damage-inducible gene expression (DDI) pathway, can interact with GTF2B to prevent it from activating transcription factors that are involved in the DDI pathway . This interaction between GTF2B and p16INK4a is important for the regulation of cell growth and the response to environmental stressors, including radiation and chemical drugs.

Conclusion

GTF2B is a non-coding RNA molecule that plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression and has been shown to be involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including cellular differentiation, cancer, and the regulation of transcription factor-mediated gene expression . Its interaction with other proteins, including transcription factor E2F1 and the negative regulator p16INK4a, makes it an attractive target for drug development. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of GTF2B in

Protein Name: General Transcription Factor IIB

Functions: General transcription factor that plays a role in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Involved in the pre-initiation complex (PIC) formation and Pol II recruitment at promoter DNA (PubMed:1876184, PubMed:1946368, PubMed:1517211, PubMed:3818643, PubMed:3029109, PubMed:8413225, PubMed:8515820, PubMed:8516311, PubMed:8516312, PubMed:7601352, PubMed:9420329, PubMed:12931194, PubMed:27193682). Together with the TATA box-bound TBP forms the core initiation complex and provides a bridge between TBP and the Pol II-TFIIF complex (PubMed:8504927, PubMed:8413225, PubMed:8515820, PubMed:8516311, PubMed:8516312). Released from the PIC early following the onset of transcription during the initiation and elongation transition and reassociates with TBP during the next transcription cycle (PubMed:7601352). Associates with chromatin to core promoter-specific regions (PubMed:12931194, PubMed:24441171). Binds to two distinct DNA core promoter consensus sequence elements in a TBP-independent manner; these IIB-recognition elements (BREs) are localized immediately upstream (BREu), 5'-[GC][GC][GA]CGCC-3', and downstream (BREd), 5'-[GA]T[TGA][TG][GT][TG][TG]-3', of the TATA box element (PubMed:9420329, PubMed:16230532, PubMed:7675079, PubMed:10619841). Modulates transcription start site selection (PubMed:10318856). Exhibits also autoacetyltransferase activity that contributes to the activated transcription (PubMed:12931194)

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