CASTOR1: A Cellular Arginine Sensor for mTORC1 Protein 1 (G652968)

Target Name: CASTOR1

NCBI ID: G652968

CASTOR1

CASTOR1: A Cellular Arginine Sensor for mTORC1 Protein 1

The mTOR complex is a highly conserved protein complex that is involved in cell growth, metabolism, and survival. The mTOR complex consists of the protein mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), the protein raptor (regulatory associated protein of mTOR), the protein lrp (low-affinity rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog), and the protein p70 (p70 ribosome inhibitor). These proteins work together to regulate various cellular processes, including cell growth, metabolism, and stress response.

The mTOR complex plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders. One of the key components of the mTOR complex is the protein CASTOR1.

CASTOR1 is a protein that is highly expressed in various tissues, including skeletal muscles, heart, brain, and peripheral blood cells. It is a 21-kDa protein that contains a unique N-terminal region that consists of a diaminopimelic acid-containing domain and a transmembrane region. The diaminopimelic acid-containing domain is known as the P1 domain and is responsible for the unique sensitivity of CASTOR1 to low concentrations of arginine, an essential amino acid that is involved in cell signaling.

In recent years, the study of CASTOR1 has gained significant interest due to its potential role in various diseases. Several studies have shown that CASTOR1 is involved in various cellular processes, including cell signaling, cell growth, and stress response. For example, one study published in the journal Diabetes showed that inhibition of CASTOR1 reduced the expression of genes involved in cell signaling and inhibited cell growth.

In addition to its role in cell signaling, CASTOR1 has also been shown to be a potential drug target. Several studies have shown that inhibition of CASTOR1 can lead to the inhibition of various cellular processes, including cell growth, metabolism, and stress response. This suggests that CASTOR1 may be a useful target for the development of new therapeutic approaches for various diseases.

The potential utility of CASTOR1 as a drug target is due to its unique structure and the various functions that it is involved in. The P1 domain of CASTOR1 is responsible for its sensitivity to low concentrations of arginine, which makes it an attractive target for small molecules that can inhibit the activity of CASTOR1. Additionally, the transmembrane region of CASTOR1 may be a potential target for antibodies that can disrupt the function of the protein.

In conclusion, CASTOR1 is a unique protein that is involved in various cellular processes and has been shown to be a potential drug target. The study of its functions and potential therapeutic applications continues to gain significance and will be an important area of research in the future.

Protein Name: Cytosolic Arginine Sensor For MTORC1 Subunit 1

Functions: Functions as an intracellular arginine sensor within the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway (PubMed:26972053, PubMed:27487210, PubMed:33594058). As a homodimer or a heterodimer with CASTOR2, binds and inhibits the GATOR subcomplex GATOR2 and thereby mTORC1 (PubMed:26972053, PubMed:27487210, PubMed:33594058). Binding of arginine to CASTOR1 allosterically disrupts the interaction of CASTOR1-containing dimers with GATOR2 which can in turn activate mTORC1 and the TORC1 signaling pathway (PubMed:26972053, PubMed:27487210, PubMed:33594058)

The "CASTOR1 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about CASTOR1 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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