Drug Target and Biomarker: TXN (Thioredoxin) (G7295)

NCBI ID: G7295

Content of Review Report on TXN Target / Biomarker

TXN

Drug Target and Biomarker: TXN (Thioredoxin)

HDAC and mTOR inhibitors trigger oxidative stress and cell death by converging on antioxidant pathways and activating ASK1. Specifically, mTOR inhibitors suppress the glutathione pathway, while combined with HDAC inhibitors, they induce TXNIP expression through cooperative effects on chromatin and the MondoA-MLX transcriptional complex.

TXNIP inhibits the thioredoxin pathway, which is a major antioxidant pathway in tumors. This inhibition, along with ASK1 activation, leads to catastrophic oxidative stress, cell death, and tumor regression.

TXNIP ablation, G6PD overexpression, and ROS scavengers can prevent cell death, highlighting the role of TXNIP in regulating these processes.

ROS production during the development of red blood cells (RBCs) results in Keap1 oxidation, leading to the liberation of free Nrf2. This contributes to the upregulation of Prdx1 (peroxiredoxin 1) and Sod1 (superoxide dismutase 1) in RBCs. Upregulated Prdx1, together with Sod1 and Prdx2, plays a role in detoxifying ROS in the bloodstream.

Prdx1 associated with Trx1 (thioredoxin 1) leads to a decrease in apoptosis, thereby contributing to an increase in the lifespan of RBCs.

Overall, the combined findings suggest that the inhibition of the thioredoxin pathway by TXNIP, along with the activation of ASK1 and cooperative effects of HDAC and mTOR inhibitors, can induce oxidative stress, cell death, and tumor regression. In RBCs, the upregulation of Prdx1 and its association with Trx1 contribute to the detoxification of ROS and increased RBC lifespan .

Protein Name: Thioredoxin

Functions: Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions (PubMed:2176490, PubMed:17182577, PubMed:19032234). Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide. Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity (PubMed:16408020, PubMed:17606900). Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status and stimulates AP-1 transcriptional activity (PubMed:9108029, PubMed:11118054)

The "TXN Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about TXN comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
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