TcRaV4: A Protein Regulating T-Cell Biology and Immune Surveillance

Target Name: TRAV4

NCBI ID: G28689

TRAV4

Other Name(s): TCRAV4S1 | T cell receptor alpha variable 4 | TCRAV20S1

TcRaV4: A Protein Regulating T-Cell Biology and Immune Surveillance

Trav4 (TCRAV4S1) is a protein that is expressed in various tissues of the body, including the brain, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. It is a member of the T-cell receptor alpha chain (TRA) family, which is a subgroup of the T-cell receptor family that is involved in cell signaling.

The T-cell receptor family consists of four subunits: TCR1, TCR2, TCR3, and TCR4. TCR1 and TCR2 are involved in early development and activation of T-cells, while TCR3 and TCR4 are involved in clonal expansion, differentiation, and checkpoint signaling . TCR4 is also known as T-cell engagement antigen 4 (TCRAV4), and it is involved in the regulation of T-cell activation and proliferation.

TCRAV4 is a 21-kDa protein that is expressed in various tissues of the body, including the brain, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. It is highly expressed in the human placenta, where it is involved in regulating the immune response to foreign antigens. TcRaV4 is also expressed in other tissues, including the lungs, heart, liver, and muscle.

One of the key functions of TcRaV4 is its role in the regulation of T-cell activation and proliferation. TcRaV4 is involved in the development and maintenance of T-cell memory, and it is required for the survival and proliferation of T-cells. TcRaV4 is also involved in the regulation of T-cell plasticity, and it is required for the development of T-cells that are capable of adapting to new antigens.

In addition to its role in T-cell biology, TcRaV4 is also involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune surveillance. TcRaV4 is highly expressed in tissues that are involved in immune surveillance, including the skin, gut, and respiratory tract. in the regulation of immune cell function and in the development of immune tolerance.

TCRAV4 is also a potential drug target in the treatment of various diseases. One of the main targets for TcRaV4 is cancer, where it is involved in the regulation of cancer cell growth and immune evasion. TcRaV4 is highly expressed in various types of cancer, including lung, breast, and ovarian cancer. It is involved in the regulation of cell signaling pathways that are critical for cancer cell growth, and it is a potential target for small molecule inhibitors.

Another potential target for TcRaV4 is autoimmune diseases, where it is involved in the regulation of immune surveillance and tolerance. TcRaV4 is highly expressed in various autoimmune tissues, including the gut, skin, and joints. It is involved in the regulation of immune cell function and in the development of autoimmune diseases.

In conclusion, TcRaV4 is a protein that is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes in the body. It is a potential drug target for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of TcRaV4 in cell biology and its potential as a drug target.

Protein Name: T Cell Receptor Alpha Variable 4

Functions: V region of the variable domain of T cell receptor (TR) alpha chain that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Alpha-beta T cell receptors are antigen specific receptors which are essential to the immune response and are present on the cell surface of T lymphocytes. Recognize peptide-major histocompatibility (MH) (pMH) complexes that are displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC), a prerequisite for efficient T cell adaptive immunity against pathogens (PubMed:25493333). Binding of alpha-beta TR to pMH complex initiates TR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK that phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E and CD247 enabling the recruitment of ZAP70. In turn ZAP70 phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. The LAT signalosome propagates signal branching to three major signaling pathways, the calcium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways, leading to the mobilization of transcription factors that are critical for gene expression and essential for T cell growth and differentiation (PubMed:23524462). The T cell repertoire is generated in the thymus, by V-(D)-J rearrangement. This repertoire is then shaped by intrathymic selection events to generate a peripheral T cell pool of self-MH restricted, non-autoaggressive T cells. Post-thymic interaction of alpha-beta TR with the pMH complexes shapes TR structural and functional avidity (PubMed:15040585)

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