Unraveling The Regulatory Role of UPF1 in Nonsense Transcripts Homolog

Target Name: UPF1

NCBI ID: G5976

UPF1

Unraveling The Regulatory Role of UPF1 in Nonsense Transcripts Homolog

Unveiling the Potential Drug Target and Biomarker UPF1: Unraveling the Regulatory Role of UPF1 in Nonsense Transcripts Homolog

Abstract:

Nonsense transcripts homolog (UPF1) is a gene that has garnered significant attention due to its involvement in various cellular processes. UPF1 has been shown to play a crucial role in gene expression, specifically in the regulating regulation of protein synthesis. UPF1 has also been linked to various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and developmental disorders.Despite its importance, the precise mechanism of how UPF1 regulates gene expression remains poorly understood.This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of UPF1, including its function, regulation, and potential as a drug target.

Introduction:

Nonsense transcripts homolog (UPF1) is a gene that encodes a protein known as UPF1, which plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression. UPF1 has been shown to play a significant role in the regulation of protein synthesis, specifically in the regulation of ribosome activity .UPF1 has also been linked to various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and developmental disorders.Given its importance, UPF1 has become a promising drug target and biomarker.

Function and Regulation of UPF1:

UPF1 is a non-coding RNA molecule that plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression.UPF1 functions as a regulator of protein synthesis by interacting with the ribosome, which is the machine responsible for synthesizing proteins from RNA.UPF1 interacts with the ribosome through its conserved N-terminus, which is known as the P-box. The P-box is a structural domain that is present in all RNA binding proteins and plays a crucial role in their stability and function.

UPF1 has been shown to regulate the activity of several ribosome subunits, including alpha-2, beta-2, and alpha-3. These interactions with the ribosome subunits allow UPF1 to regulate the initiation and elongation of mRNA chains, as well as the translation of specific genes.

Expression and regulation of UPF1:

UPF1 is highly expressed in various tissues and cells, including the brain, heart, and muscle. It has also been shown to be involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, apoptosis, and inflammation.

The regulation of UPF1 expression is complex and involves multiple mechanisms.One of the well-established mechanisms of UPF1 regulation is the role of DNA binding proteins, such as DNA-binding domains in transcription factors.for

Upregulated UPF1:

UPF1 has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, particularly in the regulation of protein synthesis. Studies have shown that UPF1 can interact with several ribosome subunits and regulate their activity. Expression of UPF1 has also been shown to be regulated by various factors, including DNA binding proteins, RNA binding proteins, and transcription factors.

Deregulated UPF1:

Despite its importance, the precise mechanism of how UPF1 regulates gene expression remains poorly understood. Studies have shown that UPF1 can be regulated by various factors, including genetic and environmental factors. One of the well-established mechanisms of UPF1 regulation is the role of DNA binding proteins, such as DNA-binding domains in transcription factors.for example, the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor

Protein Name: UPF1 RNA Helicase And ATPase

Functions: RNA-dependent helicase required for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of aberrant mRNAs containing premature stop codons and modulates the expression level of normal mRNAs (PubMed:11163187, PubMed:16086026, PubMed:18172165, PubMed:21145460, PubMed:21419344, PubMed:24726324). Is recruited to mRNAs upon translation termination and undergoes a cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation; its phosphorylation appears to be a key step in NMD (PubMed:11544179, PubMed:25220460). Recruited by release factors to stalled ribosomes together with the SMG1C protein kinase complex to form the transient SURF (SMG1-UPF1-eRF1-eRF3) complex (PubMed:19417104). In EJC-dependent NMD, the SURF complex associates with the exon junction complex (EJC) (located 50-55 or more nucleotides downstream from the termination codon) through UPF2 and allows the formation of an UPF1-UPF2-UPF3 surveillance complex which is believed to activate NMD (PubMed:21419344). Phosphorylated UPF1 is recognized by EST1B/SMG5, SMG6 and SMG7 which are thought to provide a link to the mRNA degradation machinery involving exonucleolytic and endonucleolytic pathways, and to serve as adapters to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), thereby triggering UPF1 dephosphorylation and allowing the recycling of NMD factors (PubMed:12554878). UPF1 can also activate NMD without UPF2 or UPF3, and in the absence of the NMD-enhancing downstream EJC indicative for alternative NMD pathways (PubMed:18447585). Plays a role in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation at the end of phase S; the function is independent of UPF2 (PubMed:16086026, PubMed:18172165). For the recognition of premature termination codons (PTC) and initiation of NMD a competitive interaction between UPF1 and PABPC1 with the ribosome-bound release factors is proposed (PubMed:18447585, PubMed:25220460). The ATPase activity of UPF1 is required for disassembly of mRNPs undergoing NMD (PubMed:21145460). Together with UPF2 and dependent on TDRD6, mediates the degradation of mRNA harboring long 3'UTR by inducing the NMD machinery (By similarity). Also capable of unwinding double-stranded DNA and translocating on single-stranded DNA (PubMed:30218034)

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