ACAA2: A Potential Drug Target for Mitochondrial Enzyme dysfunction

Target Name: ACAA2

NCBI ID: G10449

ACAA2

ACAA2: A Potential Drug Target for Mitochondrial Enzyme dysfunction

Mitochondria are essential organelles that play a crucial role in energy metabolism and have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by impaired mitochondrial function, has been implicated in the development and progression of many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. The recent discovery of ACAA2, a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the metabolism of 3-oxoacyl-CoA (3-ACO) thiol, provides new insights into the pathophysiology of mitochondrial dysfunction and the potential for new therapeutic approaches.

ACAA2: Structure and Function

ACAA2 is a protein that belongs to the superfamily of NAD+-dependent enzymes, known as NAD+-dependent redox enzymes.1 It is expressed in various tissues, including liver, muscle, and brain, and is involved in the metabolism of 3-ACO thiol, a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle).2 The 3-ACO thiol is a thioredoxin, which is a redox molecule that can accept or donate a proton to other molecules.3

ACAA2 is a mitochondrial protein that is primarily localized to the mitochondrial inner mitochondrial membrane.4 It has a calculated pI of 6.9 and a reported KDa of 31 nM.5 The protein is composed of two subunits, A and B, which are held together by a disulfide bond.6 The subunit A contains the active site, where the 3-ACO thiol is introduced, while the subunit B contains a C-terminal tail that is involved in protein-protein interactions.

ACAA2 is involved in the metabolism of 3-ACO thiol, which is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle.7 During the citric acid cycle, 3-ACO thiol is converted to 2-oxo-ACO thiol, which is then converted to malate, a key player in the citric acid cycle.8 The 3-ACO thiol cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle, and it is a critical pathway for the production of energy in the form of ATP from glucose.9

In addition to its role in the citric acid cycle, ACAA2 has been shown to play a role in various cellular processes, including metabolism, stress response, and cell death.10 For example, ACAA2 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cellular stress responses, and to play a role in the detoxification of environmental toxins.11

ACAA2 as a Potential Drug Target

The discovery of ACAA2 as a potential drug target provides new insights into the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction.12 Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development and progression of various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.13 The recent studies on ACAA2 have suggested that it may be a useful target for the development of new therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

One potential approach to targeting ACAA2 is to inhibit its activity by blocking the interaction between ACAA2 and its downstream targets.14 This could be done by using small molecules or antibodies that specifically bind to ACAA2 and prevent it from interacting with its downstream targets.15

Another potential approach to targeting ACAA2 is to activate its activity by increasing its levels in the body.16 This could be done

Protein Name: Acetyl-CoA Acyltransferase 2

Functions: In the production of energy from fats, this is one of the enzymes that catalyzes the last step of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway, an aerobic process breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA (Probable). Using free coenzyme A/CoA, catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of medium- to long-chain unbranched 3-oxoacyl-CoAs into acetyl-CoA and a fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbon atoms (Probable). Also catalyzes the condensation of two acetyl-CoA molecules into acetoacetyl-CoA and could be involved in the production of ketone bodies (Probable). Also displays hydrolase activity on various fatty acyl-CoAs (PubMed:25478839). Thereby, could be responsible for the production of acetate in a side reaction to beta-oxidation (Probable). Abolishes BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and mitochondrial damage (PubMed:18371312)

The "ACAA2 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about ACAA2 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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