Introduction to CFAP161, A Potential Drug Target (G161502)

Target Name: CFAP161

NCBI ID: G161502

CFAP161

Introduction to CFAP161, A Potential Drug Target

CFAP161, also known as Cilia and Flagella Associated Protein 161, is a promising drug target and biomarker in various diseases and conditions. This article explores the significance of CFAP161, its role in cellular structures, its involvement in diseases, and its potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker.

The Role of CFAP161 in Cellular Structures

CFAP161 is predominantly associated with the assembly and maintenance of cilia and flagella, which are hair-like cellular structures found on the surface of many cell types. Cilia and flagella play crucial roles in cellular signaling, sensory perception, and motility. CFAP161 acts as a scaffold protein, interacting with other proteins, microtubules, and basal bodies to ensure the proper structure and function of cilia and flagella.

Discovery and Characteristics of CFAP161

CFAP161 was first identified through various proteomic analyses and gene expression studies. It was found to be highly conserved across species, suggesting its importance in ciliary and flagellar structure. CFAP161 is widely expressed in tissues where cilia and flagella are present, such as respiratory epithelia, reproductive organs, and sensory organs.

The protein sequence of CFAP161 contains several functional domains associated with protein-protein interactions and microtubule binding. These domains allow CFAP161 to interact with other proteins involved in cilia and flagella assembly, such as intraflagellar transport proteins and dynein motors.

CFAP161 in Diseases and Conditions

1. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD): PCD is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired function or structure of cilia. CFAP161 mutations have been identified in individuals with PCD, leading to abnormal ciliary movement and respiratory symptoms such as chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis.

2. Male Infertility: Defects in cilia and flagella can also cause male infertility. CFAP161 mutations have been associated with asthenozoospermia, a condition characterized by reduced sperm motility, leading to difficulties in fertilization.

3. Retinal Degenerative Diseases: Cilia play critical roles in the maintenance of photoreceptor cells in the retina. CFAP161 has been implicated in retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, where impaired cilia function leads to progressive vision loss.

Potential Therapeutic Target

Understanding the role of CFAP161 in diseases opens the possibility of targeting this protein for therapeutic interventions. Developing drugs that can modulate CFAP161 expression, protein-protein interactions, or functional domains could potentially restore cilia and flagella function in affected individuals.

Targeting CFAP161 in PCD: CFAP161 mutations are relatively common in PCD, presenting an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. By developing compounds or gene therapies that can correct or compensate for CFAP161 mutations, it may be possible to restore cilia function and alleviate respiratory symptoms.

Promoting Fertility: CFAP161 mutations causing male infertility provide a potential target for therapeutic interventions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of CFAP161 in flagellar assembly and motility could help develop novel treatments for asthenozoospermia and other related conditions.

Preventing Vision Loss: Given the involvement of CFAP161 in retinal degenerative diseases, targeting this protein may offer a strategy to slow down or prevent vision loss. Investigating CFAP161-specific therapies could be a promising avenue for treating retinitis pigmentosa and other ciliary-associated ocular diseases.

CFAP161 as a Biomarker

In addition to its potential as a therapeutic target, CFAP161 also shows promise as a biomarker for various diseases and conditions. Its presence or levels can be measured in biofluids, such as blood or urine, and may serve as an indicator of cilia and flagella dysfunction. Detecting CFAP161 mutations or altered expression patterns could provide valuable diagnostic information for diseases such as PCD, male infertility, and retinal degenerative diseases.

Conclusion

CFAP161 plays a critical role in the assembly and maintenance of cilia and flagella in various cellular structures. Its involvement in primary ciliary dyskinesia, male infertility, and retinal degenerative diseases highlights its significance in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, CFAP161 has the potential to serve as a therapeutic target for developing novel treatments and as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Further research into CFAP161's functions and implications will undoubtedly contribute to a better understanding of cellular structures and the development of targeted therapies.

Protein Name: Cilia And Flagella Associated Protein 161

Functions: Microtubule inner protein (MIP) part of the dynein-decorated doublet microtubules (DMTs) in cilia axoneme, which is required for motile cilia beating

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