ATPase Secretory Pathway Calcium-Transporting 1 (ATP2C1): A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker

Target Name: ATP2C1

NCBI ID: G27032

ATP2C1

ATPase Secretory Pathway Calcium-Transporting 1 (ATP2C1): A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker

Introduction

ATP (adenylyl triphosphate) is a crucial molecule in cellular metabolism, and it plays a pivotal role in generating ATP energy for various cellular processes. The ATPase secretory pathway is a critical intracellular transport system that enables calcium (Ca2+) ions to exit the organelles and reach the cytosol, where they can trigger various signaling pathways. Ca2+ ions are essential for several cellular processes, including muscle contractions, nerve function, and cell signaling. The Ca2+ ions have a dual role in the cell: they act as signaling molecules, and they also participate in intracellular signaling cascades.

The ATPase secretory pathway is a well-established transport system that enables Ca2+ ions to be secreted from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Calcium ions are essential for various cellular processes, including muscle contractions, nerve function, and cell signaling. The Ca2+ ions have a dual role in the cell: they act as signaling molecules, and they also participate in intracellular signaling cascades. The ATPase secretory pathway is a critical intracellular transport system that enables the secretion of Ca2+ ions from the mitochondria to the cytosol.

ATPase Secretory Pathway Calcium-Transporting 1 (ATP2C1)

The ATPase secretory pathway is a complex process that involves multiple protein components. The pathway starts from the inner mitochondrial membrane, where the Ca2+ ions are loaded onto the outer mitochondrial membrane via the Ca2+-ATPase complex. The Ca2+-ATPase complex consists of the Ca2+ -ATPase protein, which is a key regulator of the pathway, and several prosthetic groups, including the Mg2+-ATPase protein, the inner mitochondrial membrane protein (IMPM), and the outer mitochondrial membrane protein (OMM).

The Ca2+-ATPase protein is the central protein of the ATPase secretory pathway. It is a large, transmembrane protein that contains multiple ATP-binding sites. The Ca2+-ATPase protein is responsible for regulating the Ca2+ ions out of the mitochondria and into the cytosol . It does this by catalyzing the conversion of ATP to ADP and Pi (phosphate) using the energy from the Ca2+ ions. The Ca2+-ATPase protein has several unique features that make it an attractive drug target. One of its distinct features is its ability to interact with various drug molecules, including small molecules, peptides, and proteins.

The Mg2+-ATPase protein is a critical cofactor of the Ca2+-ATPase protein. It is a large, transmembrane protein that contains multiple ATP-binding sites. The Mg2+-ATPase protein is involved in regulating the activity of the Ca2+-ATPase protein by providing it with ATP. It does this by interacting with the Ca2+-ATPase protein and allowing it to GDP (Guanosine-triphosphate) status. The Mg2+-ATPase protein is also known for its role in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways, including the signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.

The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMPM) and the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) proteins are also involved in the ATPase secretory pathway. The IMPM is a protein that is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane, and it is involved in the regulation of the Ca2+- ATPase protein. The OMM is a protein that is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane, and it is also involved in the regulation of the Ca2+-ATPase protein.

ATP2C1: A Potential Drug Target

The ATPase secretory pathway is a

Protein Name: ATPase Secretory Pathway Ca2+ Transporting 1

Functions: ATP-driven pump that supplies the Golgi apparatus with Ca(2+) and Mn(2+) ions, both essential cofactors for processing and trafficking of newly synthesized proteins in the secretory pathway (PubMed:16192278, PubMed:30923126, PubMed:21187401, PubMed:12707275, PubMed:20439740). Within a catalytic cycle, acquires Ca(2+) or Mn(2+) ions on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane and delivers them to the lumenal side. The transfer of ions across the membrane is coupled to ATP hydrolysis and is associated with a transient phosphorylation that shifts the pump conformation from inward-facing to outward-facing state (PubMed:16192278, PubMed:16332677, PubMed:30923126). Plays a primary role in the maintenance of Ca(2+) homeostasis in the trans-Golgi compartment with a functional impact on Golgi and post-Golgi protein sorting as well as a structural impact on cisternae morphology (PubMed:20439740, PubMed:14632183). Responsible for loading the Golgi stores with Ca(2+) ions in keratinocytes, contributing to keratinocyte differentiation and epidermis integrity (PubMed:14632183, PubMed:10615129, PubMed:20439740). Participates in Ca(2+) and Mn(2+) ions uptake into the Golgi store of hippocampal neurons and regulates protein trafficking required for neural polarity (By similarity). May also play a role in the maintenance of Ca(2+) and Mn(2+) homeostasis and signaling in the cytosol while preventing cytotoxicity (PubMed:21187401)

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