Understanding NEIL1: An Enzyme's Role in DNA Repair (G79661)

Target Name: NEIL1

NCBI ID: G79661

NEIL1

Understanding NEIL1: An Enzyme's Role in DNA Repair

NEIL1 (DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase Neil1) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in DNA repair and metabolism. It is found in almost all eukaryotic cells, and is responsible for the repair of a wide range of DNA damage, including single-base insertions, deletions, and double-strand breaks.

NEIL1 is a member of the DNA polymerase family 1 (DNA-PS1), which includes a variety of enzymes that use different mechanisms to repair DNA damage. The most well-studied of these enzymes is DNA-PS1B, also known as neil1, which is responsible for the repair of single-base insertions and deletions.

NEIL1 is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and DNA damage repair. It is activated in response to DNA damage, and is able to repair a wide range of different types of DNA damage.

One of the key features of NEIL1 is its specificity for a particular type of DNA damage, called an insertion or deletion. These types of damage are caused by a insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence. NEIL1 is able to repair these types of damage by using a specific set of enzymes and substrates, which allows it to be highly specific for the type of damage that it is trying to repair.

Another key feature of NEIL1 is its ability to repair DNA double-strand breaks. These breaks can be caused by a variety of different factors, including UV radiation, chemicals, or certain viruses. NEIL1 is able to repair double-strand breaks by using a different set of enzymes and substrates than it uses for insertion or deletion damage.

NEIL1 is also involved in the regulation of DNA replication. It is known to play a role in the decision to replicate a particular DNA sequence, and is able to prevent the DNA from being replicated if it is damaged or unstable. This helps to ensure that the genetic information in the DNA is accurate and stable.

In addition to its role in DNA repair, NEIL1 is also involved in the regulation of DNA metabolism. It is able to modify the structure of DNA, allowing it to interact with other enzymes and substrates and participate in a wide range of different cellular processes.

NEIL1 is also an important biomarker for a variety of diseases. For example, it is often used as a marker for DNA damage in cancer cells. It is also used as a marker for DNA repair deficiencies, such as those caused by genetic or environmental factors.

In conclusion, NEIL1 is a critical enzyme for DNA repair and metabolism. Its specificity for the type of DNA damage it is able to repair, as well as its ability to repair DNA double-strand breaks, makes it an important target for researchers looking for new treatments for a variety of diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of NEIL1 in DNA repair and metabolism, and to develop new treatments based on its properties.

Protein Name: Nei Like DNA Glycosylase 1

Functions: Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized pyrimidines, such as thymine glycol, formamidopyrimidine (Fapy) and 5-hydroxyuracil. Has marginal activity towards 8-oxoguanine. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with both 3'- and 5'-phosphates. Has DNA glycosylase/lyase activity towards mismatched uracil and thymine, in particular in U:C and T:C mismatches. Specifically binds 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), suggesting that it acts as a specific reader of 5hmC

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