IL-2: A Potent Growth Factor for T Cells and The Immune System
IL-2: A Potent Growth Factor for T Cells and The Immune System
IL-2 (Interleukin-2) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is a potent growth factor for T cells, which are a crucial part of the immune system. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity, and they play a vital role in fighting off infections and cancer. IL-2 is a key factor in the development and activation of T cells, and it is widely used in the treatment of various diseases.
IL-2 is a protein that is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, including the skin, the lungs, the kidneys, and the gastrointestinal tract. It is a small molecule that is able to stimulate the production of other proteins, including T cell receptor (TCR)伪 chains. TCR伪 chains are the molecules that are responsible for recognizing and responding to foreign antigens, such as viruses and bacteria.
IL-2 is able to stimulate the production of TCR伪 chains by using a unique mechanism. It is able to bind to a protein called PD-L1, which is located on the surface of T cells. This protein is responsible for preventing T cells from being activated, and it is thought to play a key role in the development of cancer. By binding to PD-L1, IL-2 is able to prevent T cells from being silenced, and it allows them to continue to divide and multiply.
IL-2 is also able to stimulate the production of other proteins that are involved in the immune response, including the B cell follicular development antigen (BCFA) and the interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)伪. BCFA is a protein that is responsible for regulating the development and function of B cells, and it is thought to be involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. IRF伪 is a protein that is responsible for regulating the activity of various genes that are involved in the immune response, including T cells.
IL-2 is also able to stimulate the production of other proteins that are involved in the development and maintenance of tissues, including the angiogenesis factor (AngF)2. AngF2 is a protein that is responsible for promoting the formation of new blood vessels, and it is thought to be involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer.
In addition to its role in T cell development and activation, IL-2 is also thought to have a variety of other functions in the immune system. It is able to stimulate the production of other immune cells, including natural killer cells (NK cells) and T follicular helper 1 (TFH1). NK cells are a type of immune cell that are able to recognize and kill infected or mutated cells, and they play a key role in fighting off infections and cancer. TFH1 is a protein that is responsible for regulating the development and function of T cells, and it is thought to be involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer.
IL-2 is also able to stimulate the production of other proteins that are involved in the regulation of inflammation, including the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-纬). IFN-纬 is a protein that is responsible for regulating the immune response, and it is thought to play a key role in the development of many diseases, including cancer.
In conclusion, IL-2 is a protein that is involved in the immune system in a variety of ways. It is able to stimulate the production of TCR伪 chains, which are responsible for recognizing and responding to foreign antigens. It is also able to stimulate the production of other proteins that are involved in T cell development and activation, as well as the immune response more broadly. As a result, IL-2 is a drug target and a biomarker that has the potential to be used to treat a wide range of diseases.
Protein Name: Interleukin 2
Functions: Cytokine produced by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells and to a lesser extend activated CD8-positive T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells that plays pivotal roles in the immune response and tolerance (PubMed:6438535). Binds to a receptor complex composed of either the high-affinity trimeric IL-2R (IL2RA/CD25, IL2RB/CD122 and IL2RG/CD132) or the low-affinity dimeric IL-2R (IL2RB and IL2RG) (PubMed:16293754, PubMed:16477002). Interaction with the receptor leads to oligomerization and conformation changes in the IL-2R subunits resulting in downstream signaling starting with phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3 (PubMed:7973659). In turn, JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylate the receptor to form a docking site leading to the phosphorylation of several substrates including STAT5 (PubMed:8580378). This process leads to activation of several pathways including STAT, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase/MAPK pathways (PubMed:25142963). Functions as a T-cell growth factor and can increase NK-cell cytolytic activity as well (PubMed:6608729). Promotes strong proliferation of activated B-cells and subsequently immunoglobulin production (PubMed:6438535). Plays a pivotal role in regulating the adaptive immune system by controlling the survival and proliferation of regulatory T-cells, which are required for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Moreover, participates in the differentiation and homeostasis of effector T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 as well as memory CD8-positive T-cells
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More Common Targets
IL20 | IL20RA | IL20RB | IL21 | IL21-AS1 | IL21R | IL21R-AS1 | IL22 | IL22RA1 | IL22RA2 | IL23A | IL23R | IL24 | IL25 | IL26 | IL27 | IL27RA | IL2RA | IL2RB | IL2RG | IL3 | IL31 | IL31RA | IL32 | IL33 | IL34 | IL36A | IL36B | IL36G | IL36RN | IL37 | IL3RA | IL4 | IL4I1 | IL4R | IL5 | IL5RA | IL6 | IL6-AS1 | IL6R | IL6R-AS1 | IL6ST | IL6ST-DT | IL6STP1 | IL7 | IL7R | IL9 | IL9R | IL9RP3 | IL9RP4 | ILDR1 | ILDR2 | ILF2 | ILF3 | ILF3-DT | ILK | ILKAP | ILRUN | ILVBL | Imidazoline I2 receptor (I2) | Imidazoline I3 receptor (I3) | Imidazoline receptor | IMMP1L | IMMP2L | IMMT | IMMTP1 | Immunoglobulin A | Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | Immunoglobulin G | Immunoglobulin M | Immunoglobulin-Like Domain Containing Receptor | Immunoproteasome | IMP3 | IMP4 | IMPA1 | IMPA1P1 | IMPA2 | IMPACT | IMPDH1 | IMPDH1P10 | IMPDH1P6 | IMPDH2 | IMPG1 | IMPG2 | INA | INAFM1 | INAFM2 | INAVA | INCA1 | INCENP | INE1 | INE2 | INF2 | ING1 | ING2 | ING2-DT | ING3 | ING4 | ING5 | INGX
