MAPK11: A Protein Regulator of Cell Proliferation and Disease

Target Name: MAPK11

NCBI ID: G5600

MAPK11

MAPK11: A Protein Regulator of Cell Proliferation and Disease

MAPK11 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase 11, transcript variant 1) is a protein that is expressed in various cell types, including neurons, muscle cells, and blood vessels. It is a key regulator of cell proliferation and has been implicated in a number of cellular processes, including cell survival, migration, and angiogenesis.

MAPK11 has four known isoforms, which are different forms of the protein that are produced by alternative splicing of the gene. These isoforms are characterized by different levels of abundance and by their ability to interact with different cellular signaling pathways.

The most abundant isoform of MAPK11 is a protein called MAPK11 kinase, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. It is activated by various stressors, including growth factors and cytokines, and is required for the growth and survival of many cell types.

MAPK11 kinase activity is affected by a variety of regulatory factors, including signaling molecules inside and outside the cell. For example, the activity of MAPK11 kinase can be regulated by growth factors and cytokines inside and outside the cell, and can also be affected by DNA templates inside and outside the cell. In addition, MAPK11 kinase is also regulated by other proteins, including some proteins related to the cytoskeleton.

The role of MAPK11 in tumorigenesis and progression has also been extensively studied. Studies have shown that MAPK11 kinase activity is related to the progression and invasion ability of various cancers, including lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, etc. In addition, MAPK11 is also related to the migration and invasion abilities of tumor cells, so it is considered a potential tumor target.

In addition to tumor-related research, MAPK11 kinase is also closely related to many other biological processes. For example, it is associated with apoptosis and necrosis, and can also regulate the differentiation and function of immune cells.

MAPK11 is an important protein that plays an important role in cell biology and disease. Due to its role in various cancers, MAPK11 kinase is considered a potential drug target. Future research will continue to explore the role of MAPK11 in the biomedical field

Protein Name: Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 11

Functions: Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway (PubMed:12452429, PubMed:20626350, PubMed:35857590). MAPK11 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as pro-inflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors (PubMed:12452429, PubMed:20626350, PubMed:35857590). Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each (PubMed:12452429, PubMed:20626350, PubMed:35857590). MAPK11 functions are mostly redundant with those of MAPK14 (PubMed:12452429, PubMed:20626350, PubMed:35857590). Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets (PubMed:12452429, PubMed:20626350). RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1 (PubMed:9687510). RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2 (PubMed:11154262). In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Additional examples of p38 MAPK substrates are the FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A (PubMed:9430721, PubMed:10330143, PubMed:15356147). The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers (PubMed:9430721, PubMed:10330143, PubMed:15356147). The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates NLRP1 downstream of MAP3K20/ZAK in response to UV-B irradiation and ribosome collisions, promoting activation of the NLRP1 inflammasome and pyroptosis (PubMed:35857590)

The "MAPK11 Target / Biomarker Review Report" is a customizable review of hundreds up to thousends of related scientific research literature by AI technology, covering specific information about MAPK11 comprehensively, including but not limited to:
•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
•   its importance;
•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
•   disease relevance;
•   drug resistance;
•   related combination drugs;
•   pharmacochemistry experiments;
•   related patent analysis;
•   advantages and risks of development, etc.
The report is helpful for project application, drug molecule design, research progress updates, publication of research papers, patent applications, etc. If you are interested to get a full version of this report, please feel free to contact us at BD@silexon.ai

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