MAPK9: A Non-Family Kinase with Potential Therapeutic Applications

Target Name: MAPK9

NCBI ID: G5601

MAPK9

MAPK9: A Non-Family Kinase with Potential Therapeutic Applications

MAPK9, also known as stress-activated protein kinase 1a, is a protein that plays a crucial role in cellular signaling. It is a non-family kinase that is expressed in a variety of tissues and cells, including brain, heart, and skeletal muscles . MAPK9 is known for its ability to regulate cellular stress responses, which are critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis and promoting cell survival.

Recent studies have suggested that MAPK9 may have potential as a drug target or biomarker. In this article, we will explore the biology and potential therapeutic applications of MAPK9.

The Role of MAPK9 in Cellular Signaling

MAPK9 is a non-family kinase that is characterized by its ability to regulate protein kinase (PK) activity. PK is a type of enzyme that adds a phosphate group to a protein, which signals the start of a signaling cascade. MAPK9 is involved in a variety of cellular signaling pathways, including cell stress responses, cell proliferation, and cell survival.

One of the well-established functions of MAPK9 is its role in cell stress responses. When cells are exposed to stressors, such as ionizing radiation, cytokines, or metabolic stress, MAPK9 is activated and begins to regulate the signaling pathways that are involved in stress responses. This includes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cellular components and contribute to cellular stress.

MAPK9 is also involved in regulating cell proliferation. In response to growth factors, MAPK9 can induce cell proliferation and contribute to tissue growth and development. In addition, MAPK9 is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, which is critical for the maintenance of tissue structure and function.

MAPK9 and Cancer

The role of MAPK9 in cancer is an area of 鈥嬧?媜ngoing research. Many studies have suggested that MAPK9 may be involved in the development and progression of cancer. For example, MAPK9 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression, which is a critical step in cancer development. In addition, MAPK9 has been shown to contribute to the development of cancer by promoting the formation of cell aggregates and promoting the formation of blood vessels in tumors.

MAPK9 and Cardiovascular Disease

MAPK9 is also involved in the regulation of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that MAPK9 is involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function, including the regulation of heart rate and blood pressure. In addition, MAPK9 has been shown to contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease by promoting the formation of blood vessels in tumors and contributing to the regulation of cell signaling pathways that are involved in cardiovascular disease.

MAPK9 as a Potential Drug Target

The therapeutic potential applications of MAPK9 are vast and varied. In addition to its role in cellular signaling, MAPK9 has been shown to have potential as a drug target. For example, MAPK9 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cellular stress responses, which is a critical factor in the development of a variety of diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease.

In addition, MAPK9 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of protein kinase activity, which is a critical factor in cellular signaling. This suggests that MAPK9 may be an attractive target for small molecules that can modulate protein kinase activity.

Conclusion

MAPK9 is a non-family kinase that is involved in a variety of cellular signaling pathways. Its role in cell stress responses, cell proliferation, and cardiovascular disease makes it an attractive target for small molecules that can modulate its activity. The potential therapeutic applications of MAPK9 are vast and varied, and further research is needed to fully understand its role in disease.

Protein Name: Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 9

Functions: Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as pro-inflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK9/JNK2. In turn, MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In response to oxidative or ribotoxic stresses, inhibits rRNA synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating the RNA polymerase 1-specific transcription initiation factor RRN3. Promotes stressed cell apoptosis by phosphorylating key regulatory factors including TP53 and YAP1. In T-cells, MAPK8 and MAPK9 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, is activated by CARMA1, BCL10, MAP2K7 and MAP3K7/TAK1 to regulate JUN protein levels. Plays an important role in the osmotic stress-induced epithelial tight-junctions disruption. When activated, promotes beta-catenin/CTNNB1 degradation and inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Participates also in neurite growth in spiral ganglion neurons. Phosphorylates the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer and plays a role in the regulation of the circadian clock (PubMed:22441692). Phosphorylates POU5F1, which results in the inhibition of POU5F1's transcriptional activity and enhances its proteosomal degradation (By similarity)

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